Events | Incidence rate, per 1000 (95% CI) | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |||
Heart failure hospitalisation | 301 | 47.3 (42.3 to 53.0) | ||||||
Per 10 bpm increase | 0.98 | 0.92 to 1.05 | 0.57 | 1.00 | 0.94 to 1.07 | 0.95 | ||
<60 bpm | 31 | 52.3 (36.8 to 74.4) | 0.97 | 0.67 to 1.41 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.63 to 1.34 | 0.65 |
≥100 bpm | 33 | 39.6 (28.2 to 55.8) | 1.03 | 0.72 to 1.49 | 0.85 | 1.17 | 0.81 to 1.70 | 0.40 |
Total mortality | 283 | 41.4 (36.9 to 46.5) | ||||||
Per 10 bpm increase | 0.99 | 0.93 to 1.06 | 0.82 | 1.02 | 0.95 to 1.09 | 0.66 | ||
<60 bpm | 30 | 46.4 (32.8 to 66.4) | 0.96 | 0.65 to 1.40 | 0.82 | 0.89 | 0.60 to 1.31 | 0.55 |
≥100 bpm | 25 | 28.3 (19.1 to 41.7) | 0.85 | 0.56 to 1.29 | 0.45 | 0.94 | 0.62 to 1.44 | 0.79 |
Stroke or systemic embolism | 96 | 14.4 (11.8 to 17.6) | ||||||
Per 10 bpm increase | 0.93 | 0.83 to 1.05 | 0.27 | 0.95 | 0.84 to 1.07 | 0.38 | ||
<60 bpm | 10 | 16.0 (8.6 to 29.7) | 0.98 | 0.51 to 1.90 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.48 to 1.84 | 0.87 |
Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2 is adjusted for model 1+body mass index, physical activity, smoking status (never, former or current), type of AF (paroxysmal and persistent vs permanent), alcohol use (log-transformed), history of stroke/TIA, history of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, the use of beta-blockers, non-dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers, class 1c antiarrhythmic drugs, class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs, digoxin and oral anticoagulation.
AF, atrial fibrillation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.