(A) Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) assessment of left atrial (LA) function; (B) CT coronary angiography (CTCA) derived measurements for left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD)
| A. TTE* | Formulas |
| LA pump (booster) function | |
| LA active emptying volume | Pre-A–minimum LA volume |
| LA active emptying fraction | (Pre-A–minimum LA volume)÷pre-A LA volume |
| LA conduit function | |
| LA passive emptying volume | Maximum–pre-A LA volume |
| LA passive emptying fraction | (Maximum–pre-A LA volume)÷maximum LA volume |
| Conduit | |
|
|
| LA reservoir function | |
| LA total emptying volume | Maximum–minimum LA volume |
| LA total emptying fraction | (Maximum–minimum LA volume)÷maximum LA volume |
| LA expansion index† | (Maximum–minimum LA volume)÷minimum LA volume |
| B. CTCA (new formulas) | All measurements were acquired at 78% phase |
| Diastolic expansion (DE) index | LV volume÷LA volume |
| Diastolic expansion fraction (DEF) | ((LV volume–LA volume)÷LV volume)×100 |
*As per Blume et al.23
†As per Thomas et al24 with modifications for conduit ratio.