Ventricular and atrial functional parameters
| Parameter | Definition |
| Ventricle | |
| Early filling volume (mL/m2) | Ventricular filling volume during the first 1/3 of diastole |
| Late filling volume (mL/m2) | Ventricular filling volume during atrial contraction |
| Deceleration time (ms) | Time from early peak filling rate to zero-velocity baseline, based on the linear segment of the downward slope |
| Early peak filling rate (mL/s) | Peak filling rate during early diastole |
| Late peak filling rate (mL/s) | Peak filling rate during late diastole |
| E/A ratio | Early peak filling rate/late peak filling rate |
| Atria | |
| Maximal volume (mL/m2) | |
| Minimal volume (mL/m2) | |
| Cyclic volume change (mL/m2) | Maximal volume—minimal volume |
| Early emptying volume (mL/m2) | Atrial emptying volume during early diastole, considered to reflect atrial reservoir function. |
| Late emptying volume (mL/m2) | Atrial emptying volume during late diastole, considered to reflect atrial contractile—or booster pump—function. |
| Conduit volume (mL/m2) | Ventricular filling can occur without atrial volume change, that is, when venous return equals atrioventricular flow. This conduit volume is calculated using the following formula: Ventricular stroke volume (atrial early emptying volume+atrial late emptying volume). |
All volumes are indexed for body surface area.