Parameters | Rest | Dobutamine | Reserve | P value |
Ventricle | ||||
Heart rate (/min) | 71.4 (62.1–87.1) | 97.1 (77.4–112.1) | 20.0 (6.0–30.7) | <0.001 |
End-diastolic volume (mL/m2) | 96.8 (80.0–130.0) | 88.4 (72.6–111.8) | −7.5(−15.5–−1.9) | <0.001 |
End-systolic volume (mL/m2) | 49.3 (37.8–67.1) | 38.1 (30.6–47.7) | −8.9(−19.5–−4.6) | <0.001 |
Stroke volume (mL/m2) | 49.1 (38.6–62.2) | 53.5 (39.2–61.8) | 2.1 (−2.1–5.8) | 0.060 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 49.3 (42.5–55.6) | 57.6 (48.5–62.9) | 6.8 (3.6–14.2) | <0.001 |
Deceleration time (ms) | 177(134–240) | 176(131–241) | −7(−77–73) | 0.664 |
Early filling volume (mL/m2) | 13.6 (8.8–18.9) | 10.1 (6.6–16.1) | −1.6(−5.7–0.7) | 0.046 |
Atrial filling volume (mL/m2) | 9.8 (7.6–13.0) | 10.9 (9.4–13.8) | 1.0 (−0.4–3.4) | <0.001 |
Early peak filling rate (mL/s) | 194(142–254) | 221(170–272) | 30 (−1–62) | <0.001 |
Late peak filling rate (mL/s) | 134(99–172) | 192(136–251) | 39(17–106) | <0.001 |
E/A ratio | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | −0.2(−0.5–0.1) | 0.001 |
Atria | ||||
Maximal volume (mL/m2) | 34.9 (28–48.3) | 37.1 (28.1–46.1) | 1.4 (−5.4–4.7) | 0.949 |
Minimal volume (mL/m2) | 25.6 (18.8–32.8) | 22.0 (18.0–30.3) | −2.8(−8.5–2.4) | 0.018 |
Cyclic volume change (mL/m2) | 9.7 (7.5–12.7) | 13.5 (10.1–17.0) | 3.0 (0.4–5.9) | <0.001 |
Early emptying volume (mL/m2) | 6.9 (5.3–9.1) | 8.4 (7.2–10.9) | 1.9 (−1.6–3.6) | 0.001 |
Late emptying volume (mL/m2) | 6.5 (4.8–8.8) | 8.9 (7.1–12.4) | 2.2 (0.2–4.4) | <0.001 |
Conduit volume (mL/m2) | 21 (15.7–27.1) | 17.9 (12–24.7) | −2.5(−7.6–3.6) | 0.092 |
All volumes are indexed for body surface area.