Multivariable model for factors associated with EQ-5D index score as an ordinal measure with categories 1, 0.75–0.99, 0.60–0.74, <0.60, selected by a stepwise regression procedure using p<0.01 for inclusion
| Variable | Common OR* (95% CI) | P value |
| Female | 1.94 (1.76 to 2.14) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | ||
| <70 | Reference group | <0.001 |
| 70–80 | 1.25 (1.14 to 1.36) | |
| 80+ | 2.01 (1.72 to 2.35) | |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 1.57 (1.42 to 1.73) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | ||
| <70 | Reference group | <0.001 |
| 70–79 | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.21) | |
| 80–89 | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.43) | |
| 90+ | 1.42 (1.15 to 1.75) | |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | Reference group | <0.001 |
| Former smoker | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.23) | |
| Current smoker | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.48) | |
| Years in education | ||
| 16+ | Reference group | <0.001 |
| 13–15 | 1.20 (1.04 to 1.38) | |
| 10–12 | 1.45 (1.28 to 1.65) | |
| 1–9 | 1.52 (1.33 to 1.73) | |
| No formal education | 1.82 (1.46 to 2.27) | |
| Angina | 1.85 (1.62 to 2.10) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | ||
| No diabetes | Reference group | <0.001 |
| Non-insulin-treated diabetes | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) | |
| Insulin-treated diabetes | 1.52 (1.32 to 1.74) | |
| Stroke | 1.69 (1.40 to 2.03) | <0.001 |
| PAD | 1.64 (1.40 to 1.91) | <0.001 |
| ER visit (last 6 months) | 1.62 (1.38 to 1.92) | <0.001 |
| Prior peptic ulcer | 1.40 (1.12 to 1.75) | 0.003 |
| COPD | 1.44 (1.24 to 1.68) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 1.36 (1.19 to 1.55) | <0.001 |
| Anaemia | 1.49 (1.18 to 1.88) | 0.001 |
| Type of index MI | ||
| STEMI | Reference group | <0.001 |
| NSTEMI | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.31) | |
| Unknown | 1.32 (1.11 to 1.58) | |
| Diuretics | 1.36 (1.23 to 1.50) | <0.001 |
| Region | ||
| Europe | Reference group | <0.001 |
| Asia and Australia | 0.60 (0.54 to 0.66) | |
| North America | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.07) | |
| Latin America | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.29) |
*Estimated using an ordinal logistic regression model. A common OR >1 means that category of patients has a poorer self-rated health compared with others (or compared with a reference group if the variable has >2 categories) after adjusting for the influence of other variables in the model. For instance, female patients have common OR=1.98, which means that they have almost double the odds of being below any cut-off value (<1, <0.75 or <0.6) for the EQ-5D index score compared with male patients.
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 dimension; ER, emergency room; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction.