Table 4

Baseline predictors of AVR assignment in asymptomatic* patients with decision (N=392)

Univariate OR
(95% CI)
Univariate p valueMultivariate† OR
(95% CI)
Multivariate† p value
Referring by cardio (vs other referring physician)1.213 (0.735 to 2.002)0.4501.226 (0.678 to 2.216)0.501
Age >versus≤80 years0.833 (0.546 to 1.271)0.3960.695 (0.409 to 1.178)0.176
Severe frailty0.584 (0.180 to 1.897)0.3710.586 (0.129 to 2.655)0.488
EuroSCORE II>versus≤2.39%0.914 (0.526 to 1.588)0.7490.899 (0.431 to 1.872)0.775
Comorbidities
 Renal impairment‡0.717 (0.401 to 1.279)0.2590.451 (0.204 to 0.998)0.049
 COPD1.382 (0.521 to 3.663)0.5151.588 (0.484 to 5.210)0.445
 Diabetes§0.406 (0.148 to 1.119)0.0810.404 (0.119 to 1.378)0.148
 Endocarditisn.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.
2-year life expectancy <25%¶1.843 (0.483 to 7.035)0.3710.897 (0.169 to 4.768)0.899
Echocardiographic parameters
 Indexed AVA ≤versus>0.39 cm2/m22.169 (0.398 to 3.366)0.0011.709 (1.012 to 2.886)0.045
 Vmax >versus≤4.3 m/s1.592 (1.045 to 2.426)0.0301.227 (0.630 to 2.392)0.547
 Mean AV gradient >versus≤45.0 mm Hg1.493 (0.992 to 2.247)0.0551.434 (0.741 to 2.774)0.285
 LVEF ≤versus>58%1.758 (1.152 to 2.681)0.0092.815 (1.698 to 4.666)<0.001
 PASP >versus≤37.0 mm Hg1.463 (0.917 to 2.333)0.1101.593 (0.910 to 2.789)0.103
 AVA <1 cm2 and mean AV gradient <40 mm Hg0.808 (0.477 to 1.370)0.4290.960 (0.452 to 2.040)0.915
 Aortic regurgitation grade III/IV0.525 (0.246 to 1.119)0.0950.612 (0.235 to 1.592)0.314
 Mitral regurgitation grade III/IV0.440 (0.172 to 1.130)0.0880.460 (0.143 to 1.480)0.193
 Tricuspid regurgitation grade III/IV0.671 (0.249 to 1.808)0.4300.821 (0.211 to 3.194)0.776
 LV-ESD >versus≤30.0 mm2.251 (1.361 to 3.723)0.0022.303 (1.256 to 4.223)0.007
 LV-EDD >versus≤47.0 mm1.691 (1.096 to 2.610)0.0181.358 (0.807 to 2.286)0.249
 IVS>versus≤13.3 mm1.007 (0.649 to 1.563)0.9760.839 (0.496 to 1.421)0.514
 PW >versus≤12.0 mm1.140 (0.718 to 1.810)0.5771.187 (0.679 to 2.076)0.547
 Relative wall thickness >versus≤0.510.820 (0.522 to 1.289)0.3900.917 (0.537 to 1.565)0.750
 LV mass >versus≤233.9 g1.486 (0.942 to 2.345)0.0881.122 (0.658 to 1.914)0.673
 LV mass indexed >versus≤126.3 g/m21.364 (0.858 to 2.168)0.1901.043 (0.609 to 1.784)0.879
 LVEF <50% and PASP ≥55 mm Hg2.386 (1.311 to 4.343)0.0041.543 (0.689 to 3.455)0.292
  • All continuous variableswere converted to binary predictors using the median of the overall studypopulation as a cut off.

  • *Symptomatic defined as having ≥1 of the following (presumed to be AS related): chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness on exertion/syncope.

  • †Adjusted for age, diabetes,atrial fibrillation, mean AV gradient, LVEF, PASP, aortic regurgitation grade III/IV, and mitral regurgitation grade III/IV.

  • ‡Creatinine clearance rate <50 mL/minor dialysis.

  • §Insulin dependent.

  • ¶2-year life expectancy< 25% was assessed by the dedicated nurses and physicians.

  • AS, aortic stenosis; AV, aortic valve; AVA, aortic valve area; AVR, aortic valve replacement; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IVS, interventricular septum; LV, left ventricular; LV-EDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LV-ESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PW, posterior wall.