Study demographics
| No HF | HF | P value | |
| n=1776 | n=4368 | ||
| Age (years) | 78±9 | 80±9 | <0.01 |
| NT-proBNP | 946±810 | 2593±8918 | <0.01 |
| Gender (male) | 764 (43%) | 1999 (46%) | 0.05 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 406 (23%) | 1565 (36%) | <0.01 |
| Valvular heart disease | 127 (7%) | 1042 (24%) | <0.01 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 125 (7%) | 701 (16%) | <0.01 |
| Obesity | 57 (3%) | 189 (4%) | 0.043 |
| Hypertension | 1110 (63%) | 2856 (65%) | 0.032 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 307 (17%) | 982 (22%) | <0.01 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 300 (17%) | 906 (21%) | <0.01 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 328 (18%) | 806 (18%) | 0.988 |
| Dementia | 18 (1%) | 79 (2%) | 0.023 |
| Smoker | 507 (29%) | 1358 (31%) | 0.049 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 189 (11%) | 598 (14%) | <0.01 |
| Chronic kidney disease (II–V) | 886 (50%) | 2621 (60%) | <0.01 |
| New York Heart Association functional class | 1.8±0.7 | 2.3±0.7 | <0.01 |
HF, heart failure; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide.