Clinical characteristics
| All (n=873) | Male (n=398) | Female (n=475) | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 80.0 (7.2) | 78.9 (7.5) | 80.8 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 56.7 (12.3) | 62.2 (11.5) | 52.3 (11.0) | <0.001 |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 155.7 (9.8) | 163.3 (7.1) | 149.4 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| BSA, mean (SD) | 1.56 (0.20) | 1.67 (0.17) | 1.47 (0.17) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 23.4 (4.1) | 23.3 (3.8) | 23.4 (4.4) | 0.74 |
| Logistic EuroSCORE (SD) | 18.5 (14.4) | 17.5 (13.6) | 19.3 (14.9) | 0.07 |
| DM, n (%) | 274 (31.4) | 125 (31.4) | 149 (31.4) | 0.97 |
| HPT, n (%) | 663 (75.9) | 305 (76.6) | 358 (75.4) | 0.74 |
| Lipids, n (%) | 475 (54.4) | 218 (54.8) | 257 (54.1) | 0.67 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 150 (17.2) | 129 (32.4) | 21 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| IHD | 449 (51.4) | 228 (57.3) | 221 (46.5) | 0.002 |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 301 (34.5) | 157 (39.4) | 144 (30.3) | 0.005 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 111 (12.7) | 68 (17.1) | 43 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Carotid artery stenosis >50%, n (%) | 72 (8.2) | 33 (8.3) | 39 (8.2) | 0.86 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 158 (18.1) | 78 (19.6) | 80 (16.8) | 0.24 |
| Prior valve replacement, n (%) | 25 (2.9) | 3 (0.8) | 22 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class, mean | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.7) | 0.25 |
| NYHA class III or IV, n (%) | 580 (66.4) | 259 (65.1) | 321 (67.6) | 0.35 |
| EF, % (SD) | 58 (13) | 55 (14) | 59 (13) | <0.001 |
| AVA, mean (SD), cm2 | 0.66 (0.19) | 0.70 (0.18) | 0.63 (0.19) | <0.001 |
| Indexed AVA, mean (SD), cm2/m2 | 0.43 (0.12) | 0.42 (0.11) | 0.43 (0.13) | 0.07 |
| MPG, mean (SD), mm Hg | 50.9 (18.8) | 51.0 (18.5) | 50.8 (19.0) | 0.87 |
| Annulus, mean (SD), mm | 22.3 (3.1) | 23.8 (3.6) | 21.0 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| AR >grade 2, n (%) | 152 (17.4) | 66 (16.6) | 86 (18.1) | 0.29 |
| MR >grade 2, n (%) | 116 (13.3) | 58 (14.6) | 58 (12.2) | 0.69 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 53 (6.1) | 26 (6.5) | 27 (5.7) | 0.74 |
| Lung disease, n (%) | 37 (4.2) | 25 (6.3) | 12 (2.5) | 0.02 |
| Calcified aorta, n (%) | 44 (5.0) | 18 (4.5) | 26 (5.5) | 0.25 |
| Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 9 (1.0) | 5 (1.3) | 4 (0.8) | 0.69 |
| Previous CVA, n (%) | 6 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 4 (0.8) | 0.68 |
| Minimal femoral diameter, mean (SD), mm* | 7 (1.7) | 7.3 (1.8) | 6.3 (1.5) | <0.001 |
*Data taken from Chiam et al19 in a cohort of Asian patients with similar physical stature.
AR, aortic regurgitation; AVA, aortic valve area ; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DM, diabetes mellitus; EF, ejection fraction; HPT, hypertension; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MPG, mean pressure gradient; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.