Categorisation of risk stages of procedures performed in cardiac catheterisation laboratory
| Risk category 1 | Risk category 2 | Risk category 3 | Risk category 4 | |
| Primary PCI | Vascular access | Catheter exchange Contrast delivery | Critical time to open artery Balloon inflation and stent delivery | Cardiac arrest Pericardial tamponade Life-threatening bleed |
| Elective angioplasty | Vascular access | Catheter exchange | Balloon inflation and stent delivery | Cardiac arrest Pericardial tamponade Life-threatening bleed |
| CRT | Vascular access Wound closure | RV/RA lead placement Access to coronary sinus | Placement of LV lead/removal of delivery sheath | Cardiac arrest Pericardial tamponade Life-threatening bleed |
| EPS/Ablation | Vascular access | Catheter placement Catheter exchange | Ablation catheter Signal analysis Transeptal puncture | Cardiac arrest Pericardial tamponade Life-threatening bleed |
| Diagnostic angiogram | Vascular access | Catheter exchange Contrast delivery | Cardiac arrest Pericardial tamponade Life-threatening bleed | |
| Bradycardic PPM or ICD | Vascular access Wound closure | RV/RA lead placement | Cardiac arrest Pericardial tamponade Life-threatening bleed |
CRT, cardiac resynchronisation therapy device implantation; EPS, electrophysiological studies; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation; LV, left ventricular; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPM, permanent pacemaker implantation; RA, right atrial; RV, right ventricular.