Characteristics of included studies
Study (year) | Region | Type of heart failure | Chronic/ acute | Control intervention | Dates | Number of participants | Maximum follow-up (months) |
AWAKE-HF et al (2019)30 | English | HFrEF | Chronic | Enalapril | 2016–2018 | 70 | 4 |
CLCZ696B2223 et al (2013)31 | English | HFrEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2011–2012 | 8 | 0.23 |
EVALUATE-HF et al (2019)32 | English | HFrEF | Chronic | Enalapril | 2016–2018 | 232 | 2.75 |
OUTSTEP-HF et al (2019)33 | English | HFrEF | Chronic | Enalapril | 2016–2018 | 310 | 4 |
PARADIGM-HF et al (201419 | English | HFrEF | Chronic | Enalapril | 2009–2012 | 4209 | 27 |
PARAGON-HF et al (2019)18 | English | HFpEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2014–2016 | 2419 | 35 |
PARAMOUNT et al (2012)22 | English | HFpEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2009–2011 | 149 | 21 |
PIONEER-HF et al (2018)34 | English | HFrEF | Acute | Enalapril | 2016–2018 | 443 | 2 |
PRIME-HF et al (2019)35 | English | HFrEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2016–2017 | 60 | 12 |
Chai DJ et al (2019)36 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Milinon | 2017–2018 | 48 | 0.01 (72 hours) |
Chen CW et al (2019)37 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Enalapril | 2018–2019 | 40 | 1 |
Chen L et al (2019)38 | Chinese | HFrEF | Unclear | Enalapril | 2017–2018 | 32 | 6 |
Dai WL et al (2019)39 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Ramipril | 2017–2019 | 98 | 6 |
Dong L et al (2019)40 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2017–2018 | 30 | 2.75 |
Fan JF et al (2019)41 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Benazepril | 2017–2018 | 27 | 2.75 |
Fan TT et al (2019)42 | Chinese | Mixed | Chronic | Valsartan | 2018–2018 | 35 | 1 |
Fan ZL et al (2019)43 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Enalapril | 2017–2018 | 26 | 4 |
Gao Y et al (2019)44 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2017–2018 | 17 | 1.75 |
Han ZQ et al (2019)23 | Chinese | HFpEF | Unclear | Valsartan | 2016–2018 | 39 | 2.25 |
Hao QM et al (2019)45 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2017–2018 | 30 | 1.75 |
Huang SB et al (2019)46 | Chinese | HFpEF | Chronic | Usual care | 2017–2018 | 39 | 6 |
Ke ZF et al (2019)47 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Usual care | 2017–2018 | 35 | 3 |
Li GX et al (2019)48 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Benazepril | 2017–2018 | 27 | 3 |
Li J (1) et al (2019)49 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Enalapril | 2017–2018 | 47 | 6 |
Li J (2) et al (2019)50 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Benazepril | 2017–2017 | 62 | 12 |
Liang HB et al (2019)51 | Chinese | HFrEF | Unclear | Perindopril | 2018–2019 | 50 | 3 |
Liu DN et al (2019)52 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Usual care | 2017–2018 | 48 | NR |
Liu YH et al (2019)53 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Benazepril/candesartan | 2017–2018 | 26 | 6 |
Pu SH et al (2019)54 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | ACE-I/ARB | 2017–2018 | 90 | 6 |
Shen JH et al (2019)55 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Valsartan | 2017–2018 | 51 | 3 |
Song Z et al (2019)56 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Usual care | 2016–2018 | 48 | 1 |
Sun X et al (2019)57 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Usual care | 2017–2018 | 36 | 1 |
Sun XN et al (2018)58 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Enalapril | 2017–2018 | 58 | 3 |
Tang J et al (2018)59 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Bisoprolol | 2017–2018 | 50 | 1 |
Wang QD et al (2019)60 | Chinese | Unclear | Acute | Usual care | 2017–2018 | 30 | 1 |
Wei ZX et al (2019)61 | Chinese | HFrEF | Unclear | Valsartan | 2017–2018 | 30 | 3 |
Wu MM et al (2018)62 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Benazepril | 2017–2018 | 20 | 1 |
Yang J et al (2019)63 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Benazepril | 2016–2018 | 46 | 3 |
Yang RC et al (2018)64 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Valsartan | 2017–2018 | 57 | 2 |
Yao LN et al (2019)65 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | ACE-I/ARB | 2018–2019 | 27 | NR |
Yu H et al (2019)66 | Chinese | HFrEF and HFmrEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2018–2019 | 40 | 2.75 |
Yu ZL et al (2018)67 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Usual care | 2017–2018 | 42 | 0,3 |
Zhang H et al (2018)68 | Chinese | HFrEF | Unclear | Enalapril | 2017–2017 | 36 | 1 |
Zhang JW et al (2019)69 | Chinese | HFrEF and HFmrEF | Chronic | Enalapril | 2017–2018 | 41 | 6 |
Zhang XJ et al (2019)70 | Chinese | Unclear | Chronic | Benazepril | 2017–2017 | 40 | 2.25 |
Zhang Y et al (2019)71 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Valsartan | 2017–2018 | 28 | 3 |
Zhang YZ et al (2019)72 | Chinese | HFrEF | Chronic | Benazepril | 2017–2018 | 40 | 3 |
Zhao YQ et al (2019)73 | Chinese | Unclear | Unclear | Usual care | 2016–2017 | 85 | 12 |
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; HFmrEF, heart failure with midrange ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.