Risk factors associated with history of CVA/TIA
| Characteristic | Univariate (95% CI) |
| Age | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.10) |
| Number of cardiac surgeries/procedures | 1.19 (0.85 to 1.67) |
| CHF | 8.54 (1.30 to 56.17) |
| AF | 1.52 (0.37 to 6.31) |
AF, atrial fibrillation; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.