Table 3

Literature review of cases of secondary TC in patients with COVID-19

	Case by Minhas et al5	Case by Meyer et al6	Case by Solano-López et al7	Case by Nguyen et al8	Case by Roca et al9	Case series by Pasqualetto et al10
	Case by Minhas et al5	Case by Meyer et al6	Case by Solano-López et al7	Case by Nguyen et al8	Case by Roca et al9	Patient 1	Patient 2	Patient 3
Age in years	58	83	50	71	87	84	85	81
Gender	Female	Female	Male	Female	Female	Male	Female	Male
Presenting symptoms	Cough, fatigue, fever, diarrhoea for 5 days	Chest pain, dry cough and mild dyspnoea	Cough, dyspnoea and fever for 8 days	Fainting	Fever, fatigue, dyspnoea	Fever, cough, dyspnoea and atypical chest pain for ~10 days prior to presentation
Comorbidities	HTN, DM, HLD	HTN	Benign mediastinal tumour since childhood	HTN HLD NPH s/p VP shunt	h/o breast cancer	HTN, DM	HTN	HTN, DM
ET intubation	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
PaO₂/FiO₂	NA	NA	NA	NA	226	>300	<100	>300
Troponin	NA	1142 ng/L (ref <14 ng/L)	64 ng/mL	412.7 ng/L (ref <14)	5318 ng/L (<6)	70 ng/mL*	647 ng/mL*	621 ng/mL*
NT-pro-BNP	11.02 ng/mL	NA	790 pg/mL	NA	NA	1381 ng/mL*	3000 ng/mL*	12586 ng/mL*
CRP	NA	NA	NA	NA	205.6 (n<5)	168.8 mg/L*	170.9 mg/L*	190.4 mg/L*
D-Dimer	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	1381 ng/mL	1227 ng/mL	3340 ng/mL
Procalcitonin	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.35 ng/mL*	3.01 ng/mL*	0.07 ng/mL*
ECG	1 mm upsloping ST elevation in lead 1 and aVL, diffuse PR depression an ST-T changes	Diffuse ST elevation (<1 mm) and T inversions	2 mm inferolateral ST elevation	Sinus rhythm with prolonged QT	Negative T waves and repolarisation alterations	Deep T-inversions in all leads	NA	NA
Variant of TC	Typical	Typical	Reverse	Median	Typical	Typical	Unclear probably typical	Typical
EF	20%	NA	NA	NA	48%	53%	30%	42%
Coronary angiogram	Not performed	Non-significant lesions	Negative	Proximal LAD and D1 significant lesion requiring intervention	Not performed	Negative†	Normal coronary anatomy on autopsy	Negative†
In-hospital treatment	Dobutamine	NA	NA	NA	Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, methylprednisone	ASA, fondaparinux subcutaneous, nitroglycerin intravenous, metoprolol intravenous	ASA, clopidogrel, fondaparinux subcutaneous, ionotropic support	ASA, fondaparinux subcutaneous, metoprolol intravenous
Outcome	Resolution of TC but worsening ARDS‡	Near complete recovery of LV function at the time of discharge	Improvement in LV function at the time of discharge	NA	Discharge home	Discharge home	Death	Discharge home

*Peak levels reported.
†A coronary angiogram done after resolution of initial COVID-19 pneumonia.
‡Patient in-hospital at the time of publication of the case. The final outcome is unknown.
AF, atrial fibrillation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ASA, aspirin; CRP, C reactive protein; D1, first diagonal; DM, diabetes mellitus; EF, ejection fraction; ET, endotracheal; FiO₂, fractional inspired oxygen; HLD, hyperlipidaemia; HTN, hypertension; LAD, left anterior descending; LV, left ventricle; NA, not available; NPH s/p VP, normal pressure hydrocephalus status post ventriculoperitoneal shunt; PaO₂, arterial oxygen pressure; RVR, rapid ventricular rate; TC, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.