Comparisons of diagnosis of patent foramen ovale between transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE)
| TOE PFO (+) | TOE PFO (−) | Total | |
| A | |||
| TTE PFO (+) | 42 | 5 | 47 |
| TTE PFO (−) | 5 | 89 | 94 |
| Total | 47 | 94 | 141 |
| B | |||
| TTE PFO (+) | 40 | 2 | 42 |
| TTE PFO (−) | 7 | 92 | 99 |
| Total | 47 | 94 | 141 |
| C | |||
| TTE PFO (+) | 35 | 0 | 35 |
| TTE PFO (−) | 12 | 94 | 106 |
| Total | 47 | 94 | 141 |
TOE diagnosis was made by direct visualisation of shunt. TTE diagnosis was made using criteria of cardiac cycles ≤3 and shunt grade ≥I, ≥II or ≥III (A, B and C, respectively).
TTE diagnosis: sensitivity=89%, specificity=95%, positive predictive value=89%, negative predictive value=68%.
TTE diagnosis: sensitivity=85%, specificity=98%, positive predictive value=95%, negative predictive value=93%.
TTE diagnosis: sensitivity=74%, specificity=100%, positive predictive value=100%, negative predictive value=89%.
PFO, patent foramen ovale.