Characteristics | WRF (n=85) | No WRF (n=111) | P value |
Age | 71.9±12.7 | 65.5±15.9 | 0.033 |
Male sex | 36 (42.4%) | 43 (38.7%) | 0.609 |
Oedema | 39 (45.9%) | 41 (36.9%) | 0.207 |
Hepatomegaly | 76 (89.4%) | 99 (89.2%) | 0.960 |
Hepatojugular reflux sign | 78 (91.8%) | 104 (93.7%) | 0.603 |
Bibasilar crackles | 60 (70.6%) | 72 (64.9%) | 0.397 |
NYHA | |||
III | 24 (28.2%) | 64 (57.7%) | <0.001 |
IV | 61 (71.8%) | 47 (42.3%) | |
AHF haemodynamic phenotye | |||
Dry warm | 9 (10.6%) | 7 (6.4%) | 0.264 |
Wet warm | 74 (87.1%) | 103 (93.6%) | |
Dry cold | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Wet cold | 2 (2.3%) | 1 (1%) | |
Congestion type | 0.868 | ||
Vascular type | 8 (9.4%) | 10 (9.0%) | |
Cardiac type | 77 (90.6%) | 101 (91%) | |
AHF clinical phenotype | 0.038 | ||
De novo | 19 (22.4%) | 40 (36.0%) | |
Acute decompensated | 66 (77.6%) | 71 (64.0%) | |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 99.2±25.5 | 100.0±23.2 | 0.941 |
SBP (mm Hg) | 134.9±34.1 | 135.1±31.6 | 0.686 |
DBP (mm Hg) | 77.4±17.3 | 79.0±18.4 | 0.803 |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension | 74 (87.1%) | 88 (79.3%) | 0.154 |
Chronic heart failure | 66 (77.6%) | 71 (64.0%) | 0.038 |
Atrial fibrillation | 27 (31.8%) | 40 (36.0%) | 0.532 |
Diabetes | 32 (37.6%) | 26 (23.4%) | 0.031 |
Chronic kidney disease | 14 (16.5%) | 6 (5.4%) | 0.011 |
Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.21 | 1.14 | 0.032 |
Medications before admission | |||
ACE-i/ARB | 49 (57.6%) | 47 (42.3%) | 0.034 |
Loop diuretics | 26 (30.6%) | 14 (18.0%) | 0.040 |
NSAIDS/corticosteroids | 6 (7.0%) | 5 (5.0%) | 0.441 |
Laboratory tests at admission | |||
Urea (mg/dL) | 53.9±25.3 | 39.7±15.1 | <0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5±0.4 | 1.1±0.3 | <0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 44.7±16.3 | 61.1±17.7 | <0.001 |
eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 73 (85.9%) | 58 (51.3%) | <0.001 |
Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 135.2±4.7 | 136.6±4.7 | <0.001 |
Haemoglobin (g/L) | 117.0±21.4 | 121±21.5 | 0.220 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 9673.90 (429.9 to 18 917.9) | 7569.2 (1017.2 to 14 121.2) | 0.349 |
LVEF<40% | 51 (60.0%) | 65 (58.6%) | 0.839 |
Management during hospitalisation | |||
Intravenous furosemide | 65 (76.5%) | 82 (73.9%) | 0.677 |
Inotropes | 11 (12.9%) | 4 (3.6%) | 0.015 |
Intravenous vasodilators | 49 (57.6%) | 16 (14.4%) | <0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 8 (9.4%) | 4 (3.6%) | 0.093 |
Duration of hospitalisation (days) | 13.3±7.3 | 9.3±4.7 | <0.001 |
NT-proBNP decrease at discharge ≥ 30% | 69 (81.2%) | 102 (91.9%) | 0.026 |
ACE-i, ACE inhibitor; AHF, acute heart failure; ARB, angiotensin II receptor antagonist; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NSAIDS, non-streroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NT-proBNP, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Hear Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure.