Baseline characteristics
| Women n=332 | Men n=790 | |
| Age, years | 71.0 (65.0–77.8) | 67.0 (60.0–73.0) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.0 (24.1–31.8) | 27.8 (25.2–31.5) |
| Heart rate, min−1 | 93.0 (79.8–114.0) | 91.0 (74.0–115.0) |
| Alcohol overuse, n (%) | 23 (6.9) | 110 (13.9) |
| Prior cardioversion and/or RFA, n (%) | 99 (29.8) | 292 (36.9) |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 195 (58.7) | 481 (60.9) |
| Diabetes | 28 (8.4) | 114 (14.4) |
| COPD | 58 (17.9) | 78 (10.1) |
| Clinical scores, n (%) | ||
| CHA2DS2-VASc | ||
| 0 | 23 (6.9) | 83 (10.5) |
| 1 | 10 (3.0) | 200 (25.3) |
| ≥2 | 299 (90.1) | 507 (64.2) |
| HAS-BLED | ||
| 0 | 63 (19.0) | 299 (29.0) |
| 1 | 192 (57.8) | 360 (45.6) |
| ≥2 | 77 (23.2) | 201 (25.4) |
| Blood tests | ||
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone, IU/L | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 136.9 (127.2–148.1) | 148.1 (136.9–156.2) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 66.0 (54.0–81.0) | 72.0 (61.0–84.0) |
| Echocardiographic data | ||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, n (%) | ||
| ≥40 % | 280 (84.6) | 592 (75.0) |
| <40% | 51 (15.4) | 197 (25.0) |
| Left atrial diameter, cm | 4.2 (3.8–4.5) | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) |
| Medication, n (%) | ||
| Antiarrhythmic drugs | ||
| Class Ic | 11 (3.4) | 27 (3.5) |
| Class III | 61 (18.8) | 142 (18.3) |
| Beta-blocker | 262 (80.6) | 573 (73.9) |
| Non-dihydropyridine channel blocker | 16 (4.9) | 50 (6.5) |
| Digoxin | 90 (27.8) | 124 (16.0) |
| ACEI or ARB | 148 (45.5) | 392 (50.6) |
Data are median (25%–75% percentiles) or counts (percentages).
Missing data: body mass index 0.5%; heart rate 1.0%; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2.0%; thyroid-stimulating hormone 5.9%; haemoglobin 1.0%; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 0.9%; left ventricular ejection fraction 0.2%; left atrial diameter 2.7%; antiarrhythmic drugs 2.0%; beta-blocker 2.0%; non-dihydropyridine channel blockers, 2.0%; digoxin 2.0%; ACE inhibitor (ACEI) 2.0%; angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) 2.7%.
CHA2DS2-VASc: Congestive heart failure, hypertension, age≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, tia or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, and female sex. HAS-BLED: Hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, prior history of stroke, prior major bleeding, labile INR, age>65 years, and drugs or alcohol.
RFA, radiofrequency ablation.