Variable | Adjusted HR for pacemaker (95% CI) | Adjusted HR for death (95% CI) |
Sex (male) | 1.19 (1.13 to 1.24) | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) |
Interaction: heart failure and age (p<0.001) | ||
Age ≤60 years, no heart failure | Ref | Ref |
Age 61–70 years, no heart failure | 2.26 (2.03 to 2.51) | 2.49 (2.36 to 2.63) |
Age 71–80 years, no heart failure | 3.29 (2.98 to 3.64) | 5.06 (4.82 to 5.32) |
Age >80 years, no heart failure | 4.17 (3.77 to 4.61) | 11.69 (11.14 to 12.27) |
Age ≤60 years, if heart failure | 2.34 (1.92 to 2.85) | 2.44 (2.20 to 2.70) |
Age 61–70 years, if heart failure | 2.68 (2.29 to 3.13) | 4.71 (4.39 to 5.04) |
Age 71–80 years, if heart failure | 3.84 (3.39 to 4.35) | 8.31 (7.85 to 8.78) |
Age >80 years, if heart failure | 3.51 (3.10 to 3.97) | 16.59 (15.77 to 17.46) |
Comorbidities | ||
Autoimmune disorder | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.08) | 1.35 (1.26 to 1.45) |
Chronic kidney disease | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.13) | 1.93 (1.87 to 2.00) |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.25) | 1.25 (1.22 to 1.29) |
Ischaemic heart disease | 1.19 (1.13 to 1.26) | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) |
Hypertension | 1.31 (1.25 to 1.37) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) |
Valvular AF | 1.39 (1.19 to 1.63) | 0.71 (0.65 to 0.78) |
Syncope | 1.92 (1.79 to 2.06) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) |
Congenital heart disease | 2.42 (1.74 to 3.38) | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.16) |
Procedures | ||
CABG | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.01) | 0.60 (0.55 to 0.65) |
PCI | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.22) | 0.72 (0.68 to 0.76) |
The HRs are estimated using 5 years of follow-up for the rate of pacemaker and all-cause mortality.
AF, atrial fibrillation; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.