Study | The campaign message… | ||||||||||
…emphasises signs and symptoms of ACS | …emphasises the importance of EMS use | …emphasises the need for fast action/therapy | …is tailored to the individual | …directly targets people at risk | …involves an action plan | …encourages the involvement of bystanders | …significantly changes… | ||||
PHD | EMS | K | ED | ||||||||
Mode of delivery: mass media | |||||||||||
Bray et al19 | √ (3, 4, 5) | √ (3, 4, 5) | √ (3, 4, 5) | n/r | n/r | √ (4, 5) | n/r | √ | x | x | |
Thuresson et al21 | √ (2, 3, 4) | √ (2, 3, 4) | √ (2, 3, 4) | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | x | √ | √ | |
Tummala and Farshid20 | √ (3, 4, 5) | √ (3, 4, 5) | √ (3, 4, 5) | n/r | n/r | √ (4, 5) | n/r | x | x | ||
Pereira et al22 | √ (2, 3, 4) | √ (2, 3, 4) | √ (2, 3, 4) | n/r | √ (2) | n/r | n/r | √ | √ | ||
Naegeli et al23 | √ (2, 3, 4, 5) | √ (2, 3, 4, 5) | √ (2, 3, 4, 5) | n/r | n/r | n/r | √ (2,4,5) | √ | |||
Diercks et al26 | √ (2, 3, 4, 5) | n/r | n/r | n/r | √ (2, 3, 4, 5) | n/r | n/r | x | |||
Luepker et al11 | √ (2, 3, 4) | √ (2, 3, 4) | √ (2, 3, 4) | n/r | √ (1, 2, 4) | √ (3) | √ (3) | x | √ | x | |
Gaspoz et al14 | √ (3, 4) | √ (3, 4) | √ (3, 4) | n/r | √ (4) | n/r | n/r | √ | x | √ | |
Blohm et al15 | √ (3, 4) | √ (3, 4) | √ (3, 4) | n/r | n/r | √ (3 | n/r | √ | x | ||
Bett et al32 | √ (3, 4) | n/r | √ (3, 4) | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | x | |||
Moses et al27 | √ (2, 3, 4,) | n/r | √ (2, 3, 4) | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | x | √ | ||
Ho et al28 | √ (3) | √ (3) | √ (3) | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | x | √ | ||
Mitic and Perkins33 | √ (3) | √ (3) | √ (3) | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | √ | √ | ||
Mode of delivery: personalised | |||||||||||
Mooney et al30 | √ (1) | √ (1) | √ (1) | √ (1) | √ (1) | √ (1, 4) | √ (1) | √ | x | ||
Dracup et al29 | √ (1, 4) | √ (1, 4) | √ (1, 4) | √ (1, 4) | √ (1) | √ (1, 4) | √ (1) | x | x | √ | x |
Blank and Smithline24 | √ (1,4) | √ (1,4) | n/r | n/r | √ (1) | √ (1) | √ (1) | x | √ | ||
Meischke et al31 | √ (3/4) | √ (3/4) | √ (3/4) | n/r | √ (4) | n/r | √ (4) | x | x | ||
Black and Brown25 | √ (2) | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | √ (2) | √ | x | √ |
1=one-to-one session, 2=groups/events/CVDscreening, 3=mass media, 4=written material, 5=internet.
ED, emergency department ; EMS, emergency medical service; K, ACS-related knowledge; n/r, not reported; PHD, prehospital delay.