Univariate OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariate OR (95% CI)* | P value | |
Age (years) | 0.997 (0.973 to 1.021) | 0.779 | 1.002 (0.972 to 1.033) | 0.903 |
Female gender | 0.796 (0.591 to 1.072) | 0.134 | 1.156 (0.811 to 1.646) | 0.422 |
Cardiac history | ||||
Prior MI | 1.333 (0.923 to 1.924) | 0.125 | 0.979 (0.638 to 1.502) | 0.922 |
Prior cardiac surgery† | 1.220 (0.882 to 1.687) | 0.229 | 0.881 (0.588 to 1.320) | 0.540 |
Prior stroke | 1.062 (0.707 to 1.597) | 0.771 | 0.875 (0.561 to 1.364) | 0.556 |
Comorbidities | ||||
AF | 2.140 (1.584 to 2.892) | <0.001 | 1.758 (1.267 to 2.439) | 0.001 |
Hypertension | 1.390 (0.705 to 2.743) | 0.342 | 0.879 (0.427 to 1.808) | 0.725 |
CAD | 1.638 (1.188 to 2.258) | 0.003 | 1.559 (1.054 to 2.306) | 0.026 |
Mitral valve insufficiency (>II°) | 1.225 (0.624 to 2.404) | 0.555 | 0.929 (0.453 to 1.905) | 0.841 |
Porcelain aorta | 1.194 (0.864 to 1.649) | 0.283 | 1.117 (0.786 to 1.588) | 0.537 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 1.475 (1.074 to 2.027) | 0.016 | 1.353 (0.958 to 1.909) | 0.086 |
COPD | 1.383 (0.980 to 1.950) | 0.065 | 1.156 (0.792 to 1.687) | 0.451 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.861 (1.354 to 2.559) | <0.001 | 1.238 (0.876 to 1.750) | 0.226 |
Kidney insufficiency | 1.156 (0.721 to 1.854) | 0.546 | 1.458 (1.021 to 2.084) | 0.038 |
NYHA class III or IV | 2.233 (1.372 to 3.634) | 0.001 | 1.824 (1.099 to 3.027) | 0.020 |
LVEF (%) | 0.976 (0.966 to 0.987) | <0.001 | 0.985 (0.972 to 0.998) | 0.020 |
Peak AV gradient (mm Hg) | 0.989 (0.983 to 0.995) | 0.001 | 1.000 (0.982 to 1.017) | 0.965 |
Mean AV gradient (mm Hg) | 0.983 (0.974 to 0.993) | <0.001 | 0.994 (0.969 to 1.021) | 0.676 |
*Adjusted for all other variables.
†Not including percutaneous coronary intervention.
AF, atrial fibrillation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TA, transapical; TF, transfemoral.