Trial | Location | Participants | Outcome | n | Intervention | Control | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value for the difference |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) at end of follow-up | ||||||||
HEART31 | New Zealand | IHD | Number of observations | 152 | 74 | 78 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 135.7 (132.7 to 138.6) | 131.1 (128.3 to 134.0) | 4.6 (0.5 to 8.7) | 0.0289 | ||||
MPID28 | Bangladesh | Diabetes | Number of observations | 236 | 118 | 118 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 127.1 (124.8 to 129.4) | 126.7 (124.4 to 129.0) | 0.4 (−2.8 to 3.7) | 0.7968 | ||||
StAR15 | South Africa | Hypertension | Number of observations | 802 | 406 | 396 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 133.2 (131.7 to 134.8) | 135.4 (133.8 to 136.9) | −2.1 (−4.3 to 0.1) | 0.0599 | ||||
Text4Heart25 | New Zealand | CHD | Number of observations | 114 | 56 | 58 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 135.5 (130.9 to 140.1) | 135.4 (130.8 to 139.9) | 0.1 (−6.4 to 6.6) | 0.9800 | ||||
TEXT ME24 | Australia | CHD | Number of observations | 672 | 329 | 343 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 128.2 (126.7 to 129.8) | 135.8 (134.3 to 137.3) | −7.6 (−9.8 to −5.4) | <0.0001 | ||||
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) at the end of follow-up | ||||||||
HEART31 | New Zealand | IHD | Number of observations | 152 | 74 | 78 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 79.3 (77.4 to 81.3) | 77.7 (75.8 to 79.6) | 1.6 (−1.1 to 4.4) | 0.2483 | ||||
MPID28 | Bangladesh | Diabetes | Number of observations | 236 | 118 | 118 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 79.1 (77.9 to 80.4) | 78.2 (76.9 to 79.4) | 1.0 (−0.8 to 2.8) | 0.2844 | ||||
StAR15 | South Africa | Hypertension | Number of observations | 802 | 406 | 396 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 82.9 (81.9 to 84.0) | 84.0 (83.0 to 85.1) | −1.1 (−2.6 to 0.4) | 0.1497 | ||||
Text4Heart25 | New Zealand | CHD | Number of observations | 114 | 56 | 58 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 79.4 (76.8 to 82.0) | 79.6 (77.1 to 82.1) | −0.2 (−3.8 to 3.4) | 0.9019 | ||||
TEXT ME24 | Australia | CHD | Number of observations | 673 | 329 | 344 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 80.5 (79.6 to 81.5) | 83.6 (82.7 to 84.5) | −3.1 (−4.4 to −1.7) | <0.0001 | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) at the end of follow-up | ||||||||
HEART31 | New Zealand | IHD | Number of observations | 152 | 74 | 78 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 28.7 (28.4 to 28.9) | 28.5 (28.2 to 28.7) | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.5) | 0.2569 | ||||
MPID28 | Bangladesh | Diabetes | Number of observations | 163 | 90 | 73 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 26.5 (25.9 to 27.1) | 26.0 (25.4 to 26.7) | 0.4 (−0.5 to 1.3) | 0.3425 | ||||
StAR15 | South Africa | Hypertension | Number of observations | 795 | 401 | 394 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 33.5 (33.3 to 33.7) | 33.7 (33.5 to 33.9) | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2) | 0.3732 | ||||
Text4Heart25 | New Zealand | CHD | Number of observations | 113 | 55 | 58 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 29.1 (28.8 to 29.4) | 29.2 (28.9 to 29.5) | −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.3) | 0.6015 | ||||
TEXT ME24 | Australia | CHD | Number of observations | 684 | 335 | 349 | ||
Analysis of covariance | 29.0 (28.8 to 29.3) | 30.3 (30.1 to 30.5) | −1.3 (−1.6 to −0.9) | <0.0001 |
Note: All randomised patients with both visits assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up have been included in this analysis.
End of follow-up corresponds to month 12 for StAR study and month 6 for other studies.
Primary analysis—non-adjusted model: analysis of covariance including randomised treatment and baseline value.
n is the total number of observations used (available) for the analysis at month 6 using baseline value as covariate.
CHD, coronary heart disease; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; MPID, mobile phone intervention for diabetes; StAR, Mobile Phone Text Messages to Support Treatment Adherence in Adults With High Blood Pressure (SMS-Text Adherence Support); TEXT ME, Effect of Lifestyle-Focused text messaging on risk factor modification in patients with coronary heart disease; TExT-MED, Trial to examine text message-based mHealth in emergency department patients with diabetes.