Adjusted HRs for AMI or CHD death and 95% CIs for time-updated mean HbA1c, albuminuria and eGFR categories versus the reference group examined by Cox regression
| AMI or CHD death | HR (95% CI) P value | ||
| Model 3 All patients and controls | Model 3a Male patients and controls | Model 3b Female patients and controls | |
| Type 2 diabetes versus controls Time-updated DD=1 year (10th percentile) | 1.24 (1.22 to 1.26) | 1.21 (1.18 to 1.24) | 1.30 (1.26 to 1.33) |
| Type 2 diabetes versus controls Time-updated DD=4 years (25th percentile) | 1.32 (1.30 to 1.34) | 1.27 (1.25 to 1.30) | 1.39 (1.35 to 1.43) |
| Type 2 diabetes versus controls Time-updated DD=8 years (50th percentile): main results | 1.42 (1.41to 1.44) | 1.37 (1.34to 1.39) | 1.53 (1.49to 1.56) |
| Type 2 diabetes versus controls Time-updated DD=13 years (75th percentile) | 1.58 (1.56 to 1.60) | 1.49 (1.47 to 1.52) | 1.72 (1.68 to 1.75) |
| Type 2 diabetes versus controls Time-updated DD=19 years (90th percentile) | 1.78 (1.75 to 1.80) | 1.66 (1.62 to 1.69) | 1.98 (1.94 to 2.02) |
| For a patient with type 2 diabetes with median diabetes duration (8 years) | |||
| Type 2 diabetes versus controls ≤2005 | 1.57 (1.52 to 1.62) | 1.52 (1.46 to 1.58) | 1.66 (1.58 to 1.74) |
| Type 2 diabetes versus controls >2005 | 1.39 (1.37 to 1.41) | 1.34 (1.31 to 1.36) | 1.49 (1.45 to 1.53) |
| Time-updated mean HbA1c categories | Events (n)=142 689 Subjects (n)=2 502 026 Data used=96.0% | Events (n)=88 143 Subjects (n)=1 354 248 Data used=96.4% | Events (n)=54 546 Subjects (n)=1 147 778 Data used=95.6% |
| Controls (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≤6.9% (≤52 mmol/mol) | 1.19 (1.17 to 1.21) | 1.15 (1.13 to 1.18) | 1.26 (1.22 to 1.30) |
| 7.0%–7.8% (53–62 mmol/mol) | 1.51 (1.48 to 1.55) | 1.44 (1.40 to 1.48) | 1.65 (1.59 to 1.71) |
| 7.9%–8.7% (63–72 mmol/mol) | 1.91 (1.85 to 1.96) | 1.79 (1.72 to 1.85) | 2.10 (2.01 to 2.20) |
| 8.8%–9.6% (73–82 mmol/mol) | 2.23 (2.14 to 2.33) | 2.09 (1.97 to 2.21) | 2.46 (2.30 to 2.64) |
| ≥9.7% (≥83 mmol/mol) | 2.77 (2.62 to 2.93) | 2.54 (2.36 to 2.74) | 3.10 (2.84 to 3.38) |
| Time-updated albuminuria categories | Events (n)=137 903 Subjects (n)=2 447 451 Data used=93.9% | Events (n)=85 501 Subjects (n)=1 325 008 Data used=94.3% | Events (n)=52 402 Subjects (n)=1 122 443 Data used=93.5% |
| Controls (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Normoalbuminuria | 1.29 (1.27 to 1.31) | 1.23 (1.20 to 1.26) | 1.38 (1.34 to 1.42) |
| Microalbuminuria | 1.63 (1.58 to 1.68) | 1.55 (1.50 to 1.60) | 1.84 (1.75 to 1.93) |
| Macroalbuminuria | 2.08 (2.01 to 2.15) | 2.00 (1.92 to 2.08) | 2.40 (2.27 to 2.54) |
| CKD stage 5 | 4.20 (3.74 to 4.72) | 3.96 (3.42 to 4.58) | 4.74 (3.93 to 5.72) |
| Time-updated eGFR categories | Events (n)=137 434 Subjects (n)=2 477 771 Data used=95.1% | Events (n)=85 066 Subjects (n)=1 341 052 Data used=95.4% | Events (n)=52 368 Subjects (n)=1 136 719 Data used=94.7% |
| Controls (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| CKD stage 1 (eGFR ≥90) | 1.55 (1.51 to 1.61) | 1.44 (1.38 to 1.49) | 1.89 (1.77 to 2.01) |
| CKD stage 2 (eGFR 60–89) | 1.17 (1.15 to 1.19) | 1.13 (1.10 to 1.16) | 1.28 (1.24 to 1.32) |
| CKD stage 3 (eGFR 30–59) | 1.46 (1.43 to 1.50) | 1.45 (1.40 to 1.50) | 1.47 (1.42 to 1.52) |
| CKD stage 4 (eGFR 15–29) | 2.37 (2.24 to 2.51) | 2.26 (2.08 to 2.45) | 2.37 (2.19 to 2.57) |
| CKD stage 5 (eGFR <15 or dialysis) | 4.25 (3.79 to 4.78) | 3.97 (3.43 to 4.60) | 4.91 (4.07 to 5.93) |
Adjusted for time-updated age and sex (for all patient models), time-updated diabetes duration (centred at median 8 years), born in Sweden, maximum education level and baseline comorbidities (AF, CHD, HF, VD, stroke, cancer).
All comparisons have p<0.0001.
AF, atrial fibrillation; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DD, diabetes duration; HF, heart failure; VD, valve disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.