Characteristics of all patients with LVEF of 40% or more in relation to cardiac dysfunction type HFmrEF, HFpEF and no dysfunction (no HF)
| Characteristics | LVEF 40–49 | LVEF >50% | P value | |
| HFmrEF | HFpEF | No HF | ||
| N=34 | N=137 | N=38 | trend | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 77.2 (12.0) | 77.1 (11.3) | 72.9 (11.6) | 0.110 |
| Male, n (%) | 19 (55.9) | 43 (31.4) | 16 (42.1) | 0.275 |
| NT-proBNP ng/L, median (IQR) | 3496 (1246–6797) | 2008 (1161–3356) | 996 (551–3729) | <0.001 |
| Presumptive reason for dyspnoea | ||||
| Cardiac dyspnoea | 30 (88.2%) | 91 (66.4%) | 28 (73.7%) | 0.207 |
| Non-cardiac dyspnoea | 4 (11.8%) | 46 (33.6%) | 10 (26.3%) | |
| eGFR, mean (SD) | 62.8 (23.6) | 67.5 (25.4) | 83.4 (31.4) | 0.002 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.8) | 2.5 (2.1) | 1.6 (1.3) | 0.106 |
| Boston score, median (IQR) | 7.5 (5, 9) | 7 (6, 9) | 7.5 (7, 8) | 0.737 |
| Framingham HF positive | 21 (61.8%) | 65 (47.4%) | 14 (36.8%) | 0.036 |
| Echocardiography, structural values | ||||
| IVSd (cm), mean (SD) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| LVDd (cm), mean (SD) | 5.0 (0.7) | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.2 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| LA vol index, mean (SD) mL/m2 | 58.7 (20.4) | 51.8 (15.9) | 27.4 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| LV mass index, mean (SD) | 97.4 (20.6) | 87.8 (23.0) | 63.6 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| LV hypertrophy | 8 (25.0%) | 32 (26.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic dysfunction, four criteria | ||||
| LA volume index ≥34 mL/m2 BSA | 31 (91.2%) | 131 (95.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| TR velocity ≥2.8 m/s | 15 (60%) | 65 (68%) | 14 (52%) | 0.512 |
| E/e′>14 | 18 (52.9%) | 59 (43.1%) | 5 (13.2%) | <0.001 |
| e′ reduced | 32 (94.1%) | 119 (86.9%) | 31 (81.6%) | 0.116 |
| Diastolic function, grading | ||||
| Normal (0 or 1 criteria) | 2 (5.9%) | 12 (8.8%) | 23 (60.5%) | <0.001 |
| Indeterminate (exactly 2 criteria) | 11 (32.4%) | 43 (31.4%) | 15 (39.5%) | |
| Definite abnormal (3 or 4 criteria) | 21 (61.8%) | 82 (59.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
BSA, body surface area;EF, ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, HF due to midrange EF; HFpEF, HF with preserved EF; HFrEF, HF due to reduced EF; IVSd, interventricular septum in diastole;LA, left atrium; LVDd, left ventricular diameter in diastole;TR, Tricuspid regurgitation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LA vol index, left atrium volume index.