Association of biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation with detectable coronary calcium (CAC >0) among Ugandan participants (n=200)
| Unadjusted | Multivariable adjusted* | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | AOR | P value | |
| IL-6 | 1.20 (0.67 to 2.16) | 0.545 | 1.15 (0.61–2.18) | 0.666 |
| sVCAM | 2.29 (0.65 to 8.10) | 0.199 | 2.21 (0.53–9.19) | 0.277 |
| sTNF-RII | 4.81 (0.95 to 24.3) | 0.057 | 4.41 (0.71–27.3) | 0.110 |
| hsCRP | 0.94 (0.65 to 1.37) | 0.748 | 0.94 (0.63–1.41) | 0.780 |
| sICAM | 3.06 (0.97 to 9.69) | 0.057 | 4.11 (1.04–16.2) | 0.044 |
| Fibrinogen | 1.09 (0.28 to 4.34) | 0.899 | 1.13 (0.18–7.15) | 0.897 |
| sCD14 | 3.49 (0.56 to 21.8) | 0.182 | 1.94 (0.26–14.6) | 0.520 |
| sCD163 | 3.77 (1.27 to 11.2) | 0.017 | 6.40 (1.82–22.6) | 0.004 |
| oxLDL | 1.33 (0.89 to 2.00) | 0.161 | 1.58 (1.01–2.46) | 0.043 |
The unadjusted and multivariable adjusted effect size of the association with CAC >0 is shown separately for each biomarker.
*Adjusted for HIV status, age, sex diabetes, hypertension, current smoking and total cholesterol. All biomarkers were natural log (ln)-transformed prior to analysis. The effect size is the odds ratio for CAC >0 per 1 unit increase in ln-transformed biomarker.
AOR, adjusted OR; CAC, coronary artery calcium; IL-6, interleukin 6; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; oxLDL, oxidised low-density lipoprotein; sCD14, soluble CD14; sCD163, soluble CD163; sTNF-RII, soluble tumour necrosis factor α receptor II; sVCAM, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule; siCAM, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule.