Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Uganda | Cleveland | P value Uganda vs Cleveland | |||||
| HIV-negative n=100 | HIV-positive n=100 | P value | HIV-negative n=63 | HIV-positive n=167 | P value | ||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age | 55 (51–60) | 55 (51–60) | 0.474 | 53 (49–57) | 50 (46–55) | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| Male | 38% | 38% | 0.999 | 62% | 78% | 0.011 | <0.001 |
| African American race | NA | NA | NA | 49% | 65% | 0.032 | NA |
| Cardiometabolic risk factors | |||||||
| Diabetes | 45% | 26% | 0.005 | 7.9% | 1.2% | 0.018 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 80% | 89% | 0.079 | 25% | 40% | 0.038 | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis B or C | 0% | 0% | 0.999 | 1.6% | 7.8% | 0.120 | <0.001 |
| Family history of MI | 4% | 3% | 0.999 | 43% | 33% | 0.144 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 4% | 4% | 0.999 | 47% | 60% | 0.082 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index | 30 (26–34) | 27 (23–32) | 0.014 | 28 (25–31) | 26 (23–29) | 0.191 | 0.009 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.88 (0.84–0.94) | 0.91 (0.86–0.99) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | 0.679 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 152 (135–175) | 152 (140–167) | 0.398 | 126 (118–138) | 124 (114–138) | 0.320 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 5.5 (4.7–6.3) | 5.6 (4.5–6.5) | 0.423 | 4.8 (3.9–5.5) | 4.5 (4.0–4.9) | 0.048 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 3.6 (2.9–4.4) | 3.5 (2.8–4.3) | 0.918 | 2.8 (2.0–3.4) | 2.5 (1.9–2.9) | 0.014 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 0.012 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.479 | 0.025 |
| Statin use | 5% | 7% | 0.767 | 21% | 11% | 0.051 | <0.001 |
| BP medication use | 52% | 45% | 0.322 | 25% | 38% | 0.066 | 0.004 |
| HIV history | |||||||
| Time since HIV diagnosis (years) | – | 12 (10–13) | – | – | 15 (9.3–20) | – | <0.001 |
| Current CD4+ (cells/mm3) | – | 531 (408–676) | – | – | 629 (442–860) | – | 0.0145 |
| Nadir CD4+ (cells/mm3) | – | 141 (68–215) | – | – | 152 (63–290) | – | 0.111 |
| Viral load <48 copies/mL | – | NA | – | – | 81% | – | NA |
| Duration of ART (years) | – | 11 (8.8–12) | – | – | 8.8 (4.2–14) | – | 0.244 |
| Current protease inhibitor | – | 20% | – | – | 47% | – | <0.001 |
| Current integrase inhibitor | – | 0% | – | – | 33% | – | <0.001 |
| Current abacavir | 6.0% | 13% | 0.001 | ||||
ART, antiretroviral therapy; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable.