Cardiovascular imaging characteristics
| Lower PWV | Higher PWV | P value | |
| PWV (m/s) | 7.4±0.9 | 10.9±2.4 | |
| Coronary CT angiography | |||
| Coronary artery calcium score (HU) | 71±100 | 107±133 | 0.138 |
| High calcium score (%) | 22 | 36 | 0.104 |
| Segment involvement score | 2±1 | 3±1 | 0.297 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| Left atrium biplane volume (mL/m2) | 42±12 | 45±17 | 0.329 |
| Intraventricular septum in diastole (cm) | 1.1±0.2 | 1.2±0.2 | 0.013 |
| LV end-diastolic dimension (cm) | 4.5±0.5 | 4.5±0.6 | 0.994 |
| LV end-systolic dimension (cm) | 2.9±5.0 | 2.9±6.1 | 0.616 |
| Posterior wall thickness in diastole (cm) | 0.9±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | 0.042 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 62±6 | 62±9 | 0.704 |
| LV mass index (g/m2.7) | 38.5±8.2 | 42.5±10.8 | 0.042 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.40±0.09 | 0.44±0.13 | 0.074 |
| LV hypertrophy (%) | 14 | 22 | 0.282 |
| Concentric geometry (%) | 29 | 42 | 0.149 |
| Isovolumic relaxation time (ms) | 79±18 | 84±15 | 0.104 |
| LV filling | 9.5±2.2 | 10.7±3.2 | 0.042 |
| Myocardial contrast stress echocardiography | |||
| Stress-induced myocardial ischaemia (%) | 42 | 73 | 0.001 |
| Number of LV segments with ischaemia | 2±3 | 4±3 | 0.002 |
LV, left ventricular;PWV, pulse wave velocity.