Baseline characteristics
| Characteristics* | Women (n=87) | Men (n=237) | P value |
| Age (years), mean±SD | 61.18±12.19 | 58.61±11.17 | 0.074* |
| Current smoker, n (%) BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 57 (66) 28.50 (25.10–32.30) | 139 (59) 28.30 (25.78–31.20) | 0.262† 0.664‡ |
| BMI <25 (kg/m2), n (%) 25≤BMI<30 (kg/m2), n (%) BMI≥30 (kg/m2), n (%) | 18 (21) 29 (33) 40 (46) | 44 (19) 112 (47) 81 (34) | 0.069† |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 32 (37) | 73 (31) | 0.308† |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | 28 (32) | 66 (28) | 0.446† |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8 (9) | 26 (11) | 0.644† |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 5 (6) | 20 (8) | 0.421† |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 2 (2) | 16 (7) | 0.171§ |
| Pre-infarct angina, n (%) | 9 (10) | 31 (13) | 0.507† |
| Social deprivation status, n (%): | |||
| I II III IV V | 31 (36) 16 (19) 16 (19) 11 (13) 12 (14) | 81 (35) 53 (23) 38 (16) 39 (17) 23 (10) | 0.750† |
| Presenting HR (bpm), median (IQR) | 80.00 (67.50–91.00) | 76.00 (65.00–87.00) | 0.092‡ |
| Presenting BP <90/60 (mm Hg), n (%) | 14 (16) | 21 (9) | 0.063† |
| Ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia, n (%) | 8 (9) | 14 (6) | 0.297† |
| Symptom to reperfusion time (min), median (IQR) | 172.50 (122.00–316.00) | 174.00 (119.00–314.00) | 0.746‡ |
| Symptom to reperfusion time >6 hours, n (%) | 16 (20) | 41 (18) | 0.840† |
| Door-to-balloon time (min), median (IQR) | 20.00 (16.00–23.00) | 19.00 (16.00–24.00) | 0.477‡ |
| Killip class, n (%): | |||
| I II III/IV | 65 (75) 15 (17) 7 (8) | 168(71) 53 (22) 16 (7) | 0.584† |
| Reperfusion strategy, n (%): | 0.458§ | ||
| Primary PCI | 83 (95) | 219 (92) | |
| Thrombolysis (failed/successful) | 4 (5.2) | 18 (8.8) | |
| Aspiration thrombectomy, n (%) | 57 (66) | 179 (76) | 0.073† |
| Glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitor, n (%) | 82 (94) | 215 (91) | 0.307† |
| Medications at discharge: | |||
| ACE-I or ARB, n (%) | 85 (98) | 235 (99) | 0.293† |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 79 (91) | 229 (97) | 0.032† |
| Statin, n (%) | 87 (100) | 237 (100) | |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 86 (99) | 237 (100) | 0.098† |
| Clopidogrel, n (%) Ticagrelor, n (%) | 86 (99) 1 (1) | 235 (99) 2 (1) | 0.799† |
| Blood results on admission: | |||
| Anaemia, n (%) | 17 (20) | 41 (17) | 0.641† |
| eGFR ≥60 (mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%) 30≤eGFR<60 (mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%) eGFR <30 (mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%) | 76 (87) 11 (13) 0 | 222 (94) 14 (6) 0 | 0.059† |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L, median (IQR) | 4.00 (2.00–9.00) | 3.00 (2.00–7.00) | 0.063‡ |
| Peak troponin T, ng/L, median (IQR) | 1334.00 (83.60–3548.00) | 1944.50 (165.40–5437.50) | 0.113‡ |
| N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, median (IQR) | 1175.00 (627.50–2285.50) | 701.50 (309.00–1456.00) | 0.009‡ |
| Blood results at 6 months post-STEMI | |||
| N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, median (IQR) | 230.50 (97.00–510.50) | 154.00 (73.00–337.00) | 0.144‡ |
Presenting HR was available in 321 subjects. Symptom-to-reperfusion time was available in 304 subjects. Door-to-balloon time was available in 305 subjects. eGFR was available in 323 subjects. C-reactive protein was available in 316 subjects. Peak troponin was available in 313 subjects. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide results were available in 139 subjects on admission and 171 subjects at 6 months. Results of interleukin 6 were available in 139 subjects on admission and 171 subjects at 6 months. Information on anaemia was available in 324 subjects and was defined as haemoglobin<130 g/L in men or <115 g/L in women.
*Student’s t-test.
†χ2 test.
‡Mann-Whitney U test.
§Fisher’s exact test.
ACE-I, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, heart rate; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.