Patientcharacteristics in individuals with atrial fibrillation, by income
| Characteristic | All participants | <$20 000 | $20 000–$49 000 | $50 000–$99 999 | >$100 000 | P value (standard) | P value (trend) |
| n=295 | n=35 | n=99 | n=97 | n=64 | |||
| Age | 71.3±9.9 | 69.9±11.4 | 73.2±10.2 | 71.6±9.2 | 68.8±9.4 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
| Sex (Male) | 177 (60.0%) | 16 (45.7%) | 55 (55.6%) | 66 (68.0%) | 40 (62.5%) | 0.09 | 0.04 |
| White race | 281 (95.3%) | 34 (97.1%) | 92 (92.9%) | 95 (97.9%) | 60 (93.8%) | 0.01 | 0.64 |
| BMI | 31.4±7.41 | 33.2±9.09 | 31.4±7.50 | 31.4±7.77 | 30.5±5.39 | 0.41 | 0.13 |
| CHF | 54 (18.3%) | 9 (25.7%) | 23 (23.2%) | 17 (17.5%) | 5 (7.8%) | 0.05 | <0.01 |
| HTN | 210 (71.2%) | 29 (82.9%) | 69 (69.7%) | 71 (73.2%) | 41 (64.1%) | 0.24 | 0.16 |
| DM | 65 (22.0%) | 7 (20.0%) | 22 (22.2%) | 22 (22.7%) | 14 (21.9%) | 0.99 | 0.84 |
| Stroke/TIA | 22 (7.5%) | 2 (5.7%) | 11 (11.1%) | 3 (3.1%) | 6 (9.4%) | 0.16 | 0.68 |
| Vascular disease | 56 (19.0%) | 4 (11.4%) | 26 (26.3%) | 16 (16.5%) | 10 (15.6%) | 0.13 | 0.42 |
| Education | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||
| ≤HS or vocational | 100 (33.9%) | 21 (60.0%) | 47 (47.5%) | 28 (28.9%) | 4 (6.3%) | ||
| Some college | 62 (21.0%) | 7 (20.0%) | 24 (24.2%) | 22 (22.7%) | 9 (14.1%) | ||
| Bachelor’s | 70 (23.7%) | 6 (17.1%) | 18 (18.2%) | 29 (29.9%) | 17 (26.6%) | ||
| Graduate | 63 (21.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | 10 (10.1%) | 18 (18.6%) | 34 (53.1%) | ||
| S-TOHFLA Score | 29.6±4.92 | 27.3±5.88 | 28.9±6.26 | 30.2±3.51 | 31.0±2.89 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Treatment | |||||||
| Pulmonary vein isolation | 59 (20.0%) | 6 (17.1%) | 20 (20.2%) | 15 (15.5%) | 18 (28.1%) | 0.25 | 0.28 |
| Electrical cardioversion | 58 (19.7%) | 6 (17.1%) | 18 (18.2%) | 19 (19.6%) | 15 (23.4%) | 0.83 | 0.38 |
| Cardioversion by medication | 5 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.1%) | 2 (3.1%) | 0.23 | 0.07 |
| Anti-arrhythmics (any) | 72 (24.4%) | 6 (17.1%) | 21 (21.2%) | 25 (25.8%) | 20 (31.3%) | 0.35 | 0.07 |
Standard p value using χ2 tests for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables. P value trend test using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for ordered differences among classes.
BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; HS, high school; HTN, hypertension; S-TOFHLA, short-test of functional health literacy in adults; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.