Risk of HF in patients with CHD compared with matched controls, by sex and birth period
| Characteristic | Patients with CHD and HF | Controls with HF | HR (95% CI) |
| All, n (%) | 729 (3.3%) | 75 (0.03%) | 105.7 (83.2 to 134.8) |
| Men, n (%) | 375 (3.3%) | 42 (0.04%) | 95.8 (69.6 to 131.8) |
| Women, n (%) | 354 (3.3%) | 33 (0.03%) | 118.8 (82.7 to 170.5) |
| 1970s cohort, n (%) | 383 (5.1%) | 47 (0.06%) | 90.6 (66.7 to 123.0) |
| 1980s cohort, n (%) | 325 (3.6%) | 24 (0.02%) | 143.4 (94.7 to 217.1) |
| 1990s cohort, n (%) | 21 (0.4%) | 4 (0.008%) | 53.5 (18.4 to 155.9) |
CHD, congenital heart disease;HF, heart failure.