Microbiological aetiology of IE
| Pathogen | AVE n=649 | MVE n=744 | P value |
| Staphylococcus aureus* | 202 (31%) | 302 (41%) | <0.001 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 30 (4.6%) | 16 (2.2%) | 0.010 |
| Alpha-haemolytic streptococci†| 212 (33%) | 239 (32%) | 0.83 |
| Beta-haemolytic streptococci | 30 (4.6%) | 54 (7.3%) | 0.039 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 11 (1.7%) | 12 (1.6%) | 0.91 |
| Streptococcus bovis | 17 (2.6%) | 14 (1.9%) | 0.35 |
| Enterococci | 89 (14%) | 55 (7.4%) | <0.001 |
| HACEK | 11 (1.7%) | 12 (1.6%) | 0.91 |
| Other gram-positive bacteria | 28 (4.3%) | 30 (4.0%) | 0.79 |
| Other gram-negative bacteria | 5 (0.80%) | 2 (0.3%) | 0.19 |
| Fungi | 3 (0.50%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0.87 |
| Pathogen unknown | 11 (1.7%) | 5 (0.70%) | 0.074 |
*Methicillin-sensitive (n=495), methicillin-resistant (AVE, n=4; MVE, n=5).
†Includes digestive streptococci (AVE, n=7; MVE, n=13), oral streptococci (AVE, n=121; MVE, n=117) and unclassified alpha-haemolytic streptococci (AVE, n=84; MVE, n=109).
AVE, aortic valve infective endocarditis; HACEK, Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella kingae; IE, infective endocarditis; MVE, mitral valve infective endocarditis.