Baseline characteristics by HF status
| Variable | pEF, no HF | rEF, no HF | HFpEF | HFrEF | Total | P values |
| (n=22 231) | (n=10 284) | (n=2752) | (n=4816) | (n=40 083) | ||
| Age (mean±SD) | 65.3±9.7 | 65.0±10.0 | 69.5±9.3 | 68.0±9.9 | 65.8±9.9 | <0.001 |
| 40–64 | 10 197 (45.9%) | 4883 (47.5%) | 815 (29.6%) | 1730 (35.9%) | 17 625 (44.0%) | <0.001 |
| 65–74 | 7838 (35.3%) | 3436 (33.4%) | 1015 (36.9%) | 1680 (34.9%) | 13 969 (34.9%) | |
| 75–84 | 3937 (17.7%) | 1829 (17.8%) | 843 (30.6%) | 1264 (26.2%) | 7873 (19.6%) | |
| ≥85 | 259 (1.2%) | 136 (1.3%) | 79 (2.9%) | 142 (2.9%) | 616 (1.5%) | |
| Female | 4695 (21.1%) | 1590 (15.5%) | 873 (31.7%) | 1090 (22.6%) | 8248 (20.6%) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 3373 (15.2%) | 1670 (16.2%) | 403 (14.6%) | 685 (14.2%) | 6131 (15.3%) | 0.036 |
| Income quintile 1 (lowest) | 4010 (18.0%) | 1963 (19.1%) | 584 (21.2%) | 1061 (22.0%) | 7618 (19.0%) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 4473 (20.1%) | 2036 (19.8%) | 614 (22.3%) | 1054 (21.9%) | 8177 (20.4%) | |
| 3 | 4485 (20.2%) | 2096 (20.4%) | 552 (20.1%) | 942 (19.6%) | 8075 (20.1%) | |
| 4 | 4579 (20.6%) | 2179 (21.2%) | 532 (19.3%) | 877 (18.2%) | 8167 (20.4%) | |
| 5 (highest) | 4578 (20.6%) | 1947 (18.9%) | 459 (16.7%) | 848 (17.6%) | 7832 (19.5%) | |
| Missing | 106 (0.5%) | 63 (0.6%) | 11 (0.4%) | 34 (0.7%) | 214 (0.5%) | |
| Remote MI | 3958 (17.8%) | 3408 (33.1%) | 917 (33.3%) | 2072 (43.0%) | 10 355 (25.8%) | <0.001 |
| Recent MI | 7509 (33.8%) | 6033 (58.7%) | 1418 (51.5%) | 3255 (67.6%) | 18 215 (45.4%) | <0.001 |
| Previous PCI | 3210 (14.4%) | 1759 (17.1%) | 542 (19.7%) | 776 (16.1%) | 6287 (15.7%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 19 275 (86.7%) | 8717 (84.8%) | 2610 (94.8%) | 4427 (91.9%) | 35 029 (87.4%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 968 (4.4%) | 563 (5.5%) | 433 (15.7%) | 791 (16.4%) | 2755 (6.9%) | <0.001 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 1999 (9.0%) | 965 (9.4%) | 413 (15.0%) | 675 (14.0%) | 4052 (10.1%) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2306 (10.4%) | 1197 (11.6%) | 579 (21.0%) | 1047 (21.7%) | 5129 (12.8%) | <0.001 |
| COPD/Asthma | 5599 (25.2%) | 2660 (25.9%) | 1090 (39.6%) | 1790 (37.2%) | 11 139 (27.8%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 9636 (43.3%) | 4624 (45.0%) | 1626 (59.1%) | 3022 (62.7%) | 18 908 (47.2%) | <0.001 |
| Morbid obesity | 6838 (30.8%) | 2815 (27.4%) | 954 (34.7%) | 1538 (31.9%) | 12 145 (30.3%) | <0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 201 (0.9%) | 78 (0.8%) | 70 (2.5%) | 78 (1.6%) | 427 (1.1%) | <0.001 |
| Anaemia | 555 (2.5%) | 280 (2.7%) | 318 (11.6%) | 492 (10.2%) | 1645 (4.1%) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis | 257 (1.2%) | 141 (1.4%) | 177 (6.4%) | 268 (5.6%) | 843 (2.1%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal disease | 620 (2.8%) | 308 (3.0%) | 348 (12.6%) | 607 (12.6%) | 1883 (4.7%) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 115 (0.5%) | 65 (0.6%) | 38 (1.4%) | 70 (1.5%) | 288 (0.7%) | <0.001 |
| Primary tumour | 939 (4.2%) | 444 (4.3%) | 184 (6.7%) | 298 (6.2%) | 1865 (4.7%) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic tumour | 88 (0.4%) | 38 (0.4%) | 16 (0.6%) | 38 (0.8%) | 180 (0.4%) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 32 (0.1%) | 22 (0.2%) | 20 (0.7%) | 37 (0.8%) | 111 (0.3%) | <0.001 |
| Frailty | 4339 (19.5%) | 2097 (20.4%) | 898 (32.6%) | 1469 (30.5%) | 8803 (22.0%) | <0.001 |
| Emergent surgery | 873 (3.9%) | 959 (9.3%) | 169 (6.1%) | 590 (12.3%) | 2591 (6.5%) | <0.001 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, HF with reduced ejection fraction;MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; pEF, preserved ejection fraction;rEF, reserved ejection fraction.