Factors associated with previously undiagnosed COPD
| GOLD criteria (n=134) | LLN criteria (n=46) | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P values | OR (95% CI) | P values | |
| Age, per year | 1.06 (1.03to1.08) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.05) | 0.388 |
| Sex, female | 1.05 (0.69 to 1.59) | 0.825 | 1.89 (1.01to3.52) | 0.046 |
| Current vs no smoking | 1.74 (0.94 to 3.23) | 0.079 | 3.29 (1.56to6.95) | 0.002 |
| Ever vs never smoking | 1.82 (1.15to2.88) | 0.011 | 1.79 (0.88 to 3.65) | 0.110 |
| Known CAD | 1.30 (0.84 to 2.01) | 0.234 | 1.15 (0.61 to 2.18) | 0.662 |
| Ischaemia on MPI | 0.51 (0.26 to 1.00) | 0.051 | 0.57 (0.20 to 1.65) | 0.296 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.08) | 0.115 | 1.03 (0.96 to 1.09) | 0.443 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1.14 (0.74 to 1.74) | 0.550 | 1.04 (0.56 to 1.96) | 0.896 |
| Chest discomfort | 0.97 (0.64 to 1.61) | 0.965 | 0.55 (0.29 to 1.05) | 0.070 |
| Dyspnoea | 1.02 (0.59 to 1.75) | 0.952 | 1.33 (0.63 to 2.83) | 0.453 |
| Referred from cardiologist | 0.72 (0.46 to 1.14) | 0.162 | 0.98 (0.51 to 1.89) | 0.952 |
| Referred from internist | 1.32 (0.75 to 2.34) | 0.335 | 1.04 (0.44 to 2.46) | 0.924 |
| Referred from GP | 1.08 (0.66 to 1.79) | 0.759 | 1.34 (0.66 to 2.71) | 0.422 |
| Referred from other | 1.10 (0.70 to 1.72) | 0.680 | 0.77 (0.39 to 1.55) | 0.467 |
Bold indicates significant association.
CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; GP, general practitioner; LLN, lower limit of normal; MPI, myocardial perfusion imaging.