Sociodemographic characteristics of newborns with congenital heart defect (CHD) exposed versus non-exposed to infertility treatments
| Characteristics | Newborns conceived following infertility treatments | Spontaneously conceived newborns | P values |
| n (%)* | n (%)* | ||
| Mother | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 34.8 (4.7) | 31.2 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| <20 | 0 (0.0) | 32 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| 20–29 | 6 (8.7) | 732 (36.6) | |
| 30–34 | 32 (46.4) | 691 (34.5) | |
| 35–39 | 21 (30.4) | 397 (19.8) | |
| ≥40 | 10 (14.5) | 149 (7.5) | |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.2) | |
| Geographic al origin | |||
| France | 33 (47.8) | 957 (47.9) | 0.557 |
| North Africa | 11 (15.9) | 397 (19.9) | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 8 (11.6) | 274 (13.7) | |
| Other | 17 (24.6) | 370 (18.5) | |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.4) | |
| Occupation | |||
| None | 8 (12.3) | 550 (29.0) | 0.003 |
| Professional | 26 (40.0) | 444 (23.4) | |
| Intermediate | 9 (13.9) | 376 (19.8) | |
| Administrative/public service | 7 (10.8) | 216 (11.4) | |
| Other | 15 (23.1) | 313 (16.5) | |
| Missing† | 4 (5.3) | 106 (5.8) | |
| Gravidity | |||
| 1 | 32 (46.4) | 678 (33.8) | 0.080 |
| 2 | 19 (27.5) | 604 (30.1) | |
| >2 | 18 (26.1) | 722 (36.0) | |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 106 (0.05) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (2.9) | 95 (4.8) | 0.770 |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.3) | |
| Pregnancy | |||
| Plurality | |||
| Singletons | 39 (56.5) | 1941 (96.8) | <0.001 |
| Multiple | 30 (43.4) | 64 (3.2) | |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Small for gestational age | 19 (27.5) | 261 (13.0) | 0.001 |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | |
| Vaginal bleeding | 1 (1.5) | 22 (1.15) | 0.561 |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 98 (4.9) | |
| Invasive prenatal screening | 16 (23.2) | 422 (21.1) | 0.675 |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.2) | |
| Prenatal diagnosis of CHD | (15.9) | 433 (21.6) | 0.260 |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Induced labour | 7 (10.1) | 315 (15.8) | 0.204 |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 9 (0.5) | |
| Elective caesarean section | 16 (23.2) | 239 (12.0) | 0.005 |
| Missing† | 0 (0.0) | 11 (0.6) | |
*Cases or controls without missing data used as a denominator to calculate the %.
†% of missing data calculated with the total numbers of cases and controls.