Study | Country | Study population | Study period | Sex | Age | Sample size | Smokeless tobacco type | Conditions | Newcastle-Ottawa score |
Huhtasaari et al
36
1992 | Sweden | Cases and controls were participants in the MONICA study | 1989–1991 | M | 35–64 years | 585 cases 589 controls | Snus | Acute myocardial infarction | 8 |
Huhtasaari et al
37
1999 | Sweden | Cases and controls were participants in the MONICA study matched on age and county | 1991–1993 | M | 25–64 years | 687 cases 687 controls | Snus | Acute myocardial infarction | 7 |
Asplund et al
38
2003 | Sweden | Cases and controls were participants in the MONICA study or Vasterbotten Intervention Project (VIP) matched on sex, age, area, examination date and cohort | 1985–2000 | M | 25–74 years | 276 cases 551 controls | Snus | Stroke | 6 |
Hergens et al
40
2005 | Sweden | Cases and controls were participants in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Project and Vasternorrland Heart Epidemiology Project matched on age and hospital area | Stockholm—1992–1993, Vasternorrland—1993–1994 | M | Stockholm—45–70 years, Vasternorrland—45–65 years | 1432 cases 1810 controls | Snus | Acute myocardial infarction | 8 |
Wennberg et al
39
2007 | Sweden | Cases and controls were participants in the MONICA and VIP studies matched on sex, age, survey date and area | 1985–1999 | M and F | 30+ years | 525 cases 1798 controls | Snus | Acute myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death | 6 |
Cross-sectional study | |||||||||
Mushtaq et al
11
2010 | USA | Participants from Oklahoma in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System | 1999–2001 | M and F | 18+ years | 10 332 participants 1796 ever smokeless tobacco users | Smokeless tobacco | Angina, coronary heart disease, heart attack, myocardial infarction or stroke | NA |
MONICA, Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Health; NA, not applicable.