Echocardiogram data
| Overall (n=123) | Calcified (n=49) | Non-calcified (n=74) | P values | |
| LV end-diastolic dimension, cm (n=84, 27, 57) | 4.16±0.76 | 4.17±0.67 | 4.15±0.80 | 0.937 |
| LV end-systolic dimension, cm (n=81, 25, 56) | 2.80 (2.30–3.20) | 3.00 (2.40–3.30) | 2.70 (2.30–3.13) | 0.188 |
| LV septal thickness, cm* | 1.00 (0.80–1.20) | 1.00 (0.80–1.18) | 1.00 (0.80–1.20) | 0.591 |
| LV posterior wall thickness, cm* | 1.00 (0.90–1.10) | 1.00 (0.90–1.08) | 1.00 (0.90–1.13) | 0.724 |
| LA diameter, cm (n=36, 15, 21) | 4.56±1.10 | 5.21±0.97 | 4.10±0.95 | 0.002 |
| LA volume index, mL/m2 (n=59, 26, 33) | 29.40 (22.40–39.00) | 31.90 (23.50–42.88) | 27.30 (18.50–33.50) | 0.077 |
| LV EDV, mL† | 84.00 (67.00–105.50) | 75.00 (64.00–89.50) | 87.50 (68.50–107.50) | 0.215 |
| LV ESV, mL† | 32.00 (23.00–44.50) | 31.00 (22.50–40.50) | 35.00 (24.50–44.50) | 0.565 |
| EF, % | 56.98±8.14 | 56.14±8.22 | 57.53±8.10 | 0.358 |
| MV E, cm/s (n=99, 38, 61) | 90.00 (75.00–110.75) | 86.75 (77.61–112.88) | 90.00 (73.00–108.50) | 0.599 |
| % MV E respiratory change (n=90, 36, 54) | 14.43 (5.76–19.79) | 16.40 (5.27–18.99) | 12.96 (6.87–21.41) | 0.814 |
| MV A, cm/s‡ | 53.24±17.45 | 48.47±17.46 | 56.17±16.99 | 0.071 |
| MV E/A ratio‡ | 1.73 (1.35–2.18) | 1.82 (1.51–2.50) | 1.62 (1.30–2.13) | 0.133 |
| Deceleration time, ms§ | 148.00 (126.75–174.38) | 140.20 (121.13–164.50) | 154.00 (138.63–179.13) | 0.091 |
| TV E, cm/s¶ | 61.75 (52.13–69.00) | 64.75 (52.75–71.00) | 60.50 (51.75–66.00) | 0.232 |
| TV e′ lateral, cm/s (n=48, 16, 32) | 10.12±3.64 | 11.30±3.28 | 9.53±3.72 | 0.083 |
| % TV E respiratory change¶ | −35.28±17.41 | −34.70±15.09 | −35.76±19.33 | 0.713 |
| Septal bounce (n=91, 36, 55) | 91 (82) | 36 (97) | 55 (73) | 0.004 |
| IVC, cm (n=84, 34, 50) | 2.60 (2.28–2.83) | 2.80 (2.43–3.00) | 2.50 (2.13–2.70) | 0.001 |
| MV e′ medial, cm/s§ | 9.00 (8.00–12.00) | 10.50 (9.00–14.00) | 9.00 (8.00–11.00) | 0.006 |
| MV e′ lateral, cm/s** | 10.00 (8.00–12.25) | 11.00 (8.00–14.00) | 10.00 (8.00–12.00) | 0.068 |
| Average E/e′ MV (n=87, 34, 53) | 8.65 (6.22–11.81) | 8.07 (5.97–11.23) | 8.76 (6.88–13.33) | 0.130 |
| Annulus reversus** | 84 (42) | 33 (51.52) | 51 (35.29) | 0.176 |
Data were summarised as frequency n (%) for descriptive data and mean±SD for continuous data.
Total patients in each group where n = total, calcified, non-calcified group: *(n=82,26,56), †(n=55,19,36), ‡(n=71,27,44), §(88,34,54), ¶(62,28,34), **(84,33,51).
EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end-systolic volume; IVC, inferior vena cava; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; MV, mitral valve; TV, tricuspid valve.