Clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgical bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement (MVR) for mitral regurgitation between 2003 and 2014
| All patients(N=21 007 NE=103 709) | Combined MVR(N=14 727 NE=72 680) | Isolated MVR(N=6280 NE=31 029) | P values | |
| Clinical outcome, n (%) | ||||
| In-hospital death | 1765 (8.4) | 1381 (9.4) | 384 (6.1) | <0.001 |
| Vascular complications | 903 (4.3) | 645 (4.4) | 258 (4.1) | 0.375 |
| Vascular complications requiring surgery | 473 (2.3) | 354 (2.4) | 119 (1.9) | 0.023 |
| Permanent pacemaker implantation | 2836 (13.5) | 2104 (14.3) | 732 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| Clinical stroke | 533 (2.5) | 381 (2.6) | 152 (2.4) | 0.482 |
| Acute kidney injury | 4844 (23.1) | 3659 (24.8) | 1185 (18.9) | <0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis | 1028 (4.9) | 723 (4.9) | 305 (4.9) | 0.871 |
| Blood transfusion | 8472 (40.3) | 5860 (39.8) | 2612 (41.6) | 0.015 |
| Cardiac tamponade | 212 (1) | 163 (1.1) | 49 (0.8) | 0.03 |
| Pneumonia | 1347 (6.4) | 999 (6.8) | 348 (5.5) | 0.001 |
| Prolonged ventilation | 1842 (8.8) | 1339 (9.1) | 503 (8) | 0.011 |
| Wound infection | 311 (1.5) | 243 (1.7) | 68 (1.1) | 0.002 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 68 (0.3) | 44 (0.3) | 24 (0.4) | 0.33 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 158 (0.8) | 102 (0.7) | 56 (0.9) | 0.126 |
| Discharge status, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Discharged home | 12 258 (58.4) | 8117 (55.2) | 4141 (66.1) | |
| Discharged SNF/NH/IC | 6935 (33.1) | 5199 (35.4) | 1736 (27.7) | |
| Length of stay, mean (SD), days | 15 (13) | 15 (14) | 13 (12) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay >5 days | 91 891 (88.6) | 65 532 (90.2) | 26 359 (84.9) | <0.001 |
| Cost of hospitalisation, mean (SD), $ | 71 628 (55 652) | 75 469 (57 052) | 62 443 (50 997) | <0.001 |
IC, intermediate care; NE, National Estimate; NH, nursing home; SNF, skilled nursing facility.