Univariable and multivariable analyses of the factors associated with post-ViV high residual gradient and/or ≥moderate aortic regurgitation
| High gradient (MG ≥20 mm Hg) | High gradient and/or AR ≥moderate | |||||||
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P values | OR (95% CI) | P values | OR (95% CI) | P values | OR (95% CI) | P values | |
| Male | 1.37 (0.54 to 3.50) | 0.509 | – | – | 1.75 (0.68 to 4.52) | 0.245 | – | – |
| BP type (stented vs stentless) | 4.29 (1.50 to 12.28) | 0.007 | – | – | 2.40 (0.88 to 6.55) | 0.087 | – | – |
| BP type | ||||||||
| Stented pericardial vs stentless | 5.26 (1.69 to 16.42) | 0.004 | – | – | 2.95 (0.99 to 8.79) | 0.053 | – | – |
| Stented porcine vs stentless | 2.95 (0.82 to 10.58) | 0.098 | – | – | 1.65 (0.48 to 5.69) | 0.428 | – | – |
| BP size (≤21 mm) | 2.17 (0.80 to 5.84) | 0.127 | – | – | 1.73 (0.64 to 4.66) | 0.283 | – | – |
| BP IOD, mm | 0.72 (0.58 to 0.91) | 0.005 | – | – | 0.86 (0.71 to 1.05) | 0.135 | – | – |
| BP mode of failure (AS or mixed vs AR) | 6.11 (2.14 to 17.46) | 0.001 | 5.37 (1.77 to 16.30) | 0.003 | 3.56 (1.32 to 9.59) | 0.012 | 3.02 (1.08 to 8.42) | 0.035 |
| Pre-existing PPM (≥moderate) | 4.99 (1.89 to 13.17) | 0.001 | 4.38 (1.55 to 12.37) | 0.005 | 3.36 (1.31 to 8.67) | 0.012 | 2.87 (1.08 to 7.65) | 0.035 |
| THV type (balloon expandable vs self-expanding) | 1.27 (0.51 to 3.17) | 0.611 | – | – | 1.05 (0.42 to 2.67) | 0.914 | – | – |
| THV design (intra-annular vs supra-annular) | 1.55 (0.61 to 3.93) | 0.356 | – | – | 1.26 (0.49 to 3.23) | 0.626 | – | – |
| THV size (≤23 mm) | 3.16 (1.17 to 8.55) | 0.024 | – | – | 1.90 (0.72 to 5.02) | 0.199 | – | – |
AR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; BP, bioprosthesis; IOD, internal orifice diameter; MG, mean transaortic gradient; mixed, mixed dysfunction; PPM, prosthesis–patient mismatch; THV, transcatheter heart valve; ViV, valve-in-valve.