Study | Variable | Late outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
VO2 | ||||
Diller et al 22 | Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min). | Death/transplantation. | 0.959 (0.905 to 1.015) | |
Fernandes et al 23 | Peak VO2 (cut-off value <16.6). | All-cause mortality. | 7.5 (2.6 to 21.6) | |
Ohuchi et al 24 | Peak VO2 (% of predicted value). | All-cause mortality. | 0.88 (0.76 to 0.98) | |
Egbe et al 25 | Peak VO2 (% of predicted value). | Death and cardiac surgery (CAE). | 1.77 (0.33 to 3.76) | |
Egbe et al 25 | Peak VO2 (−3 percentage points/year). | Predictors of 5-year risk of CAE. | 1.86 (1.11 to 3.48) | |
Cunningham et al 28 | % Change in peak VO2, /−10%. | Death/transplantation. | 1.96 (1.24 to 3.11) | |
Atz et al 27 | Per cent predicted VO2 at anaerobic threshold. | Death/transplantation. | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.0) | |
Heart rate | ||||
Diller et al 22 | Heart rate reserve (per 10 bpm). | Death/transplantation. | 0.828 (0.710 to 0.965) | |
Fernandes et al 23 | Peak heart rate (cut-off value <122.5). | All-cause mortality. | 10.6 (3.0 to 37.1) | |
Ohuchi et al 24 | Peak heart rate. | All-cause mortality. | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99) | |
Egbe et al 25 | Peak Heart Rate (per 5 bpm). | Death and cardiac surgery (CAE). | 1.65 (0.87 to 2.11) | |
Egbe et al 25 | Peak heart rate (−4 percentage points/year). | Predictors of 5-year risk of CAE. | 1.55 (0.17 to 2.11) | |
VE/VCO2 | ||||
Diller et al 22 | Slope. | Death/transplantation. | 1.024 (0.991 to 1.058) | |
Fernandes et al 23 | Slope (cut-off value >33.5). | All-cause mortality. | 2.84 (1.02 to 7.87) | |
Ohuchi et al 24 | Peak VE/VCO2. | All-cause mortality. | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.05) | |
Egbe et al 25 | VE/VCO2 nadir. | Death and cardiac surgery (CAE). | 1.81 (0.54 to 3.01) | |
Egbe et al 25 | VE/VCO2 nadir (+3 percentage points/year). | Predictors of 5-year risk of CAE. | 2.76 (0.76 to 4.14) | |
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CAE, cardiac adverse event; VO2, oxygen uptake; VE/VCO2, minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production.