Prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension among various cardiac defects
| Cardiac defect | Prevalence (%) |
| Closed ASD | 12 |
| Open ASD without ES | 33 |
| Open ASD with ES | 100 |
| Closed VSD | 13 |
| Open VSD without ES | 11 |
| Open VSD with ES | 100 |
| Cyanotic defect (other than ASD or VSD) without ES | 12 |
| Cyanotic defect (other than ASD or VSD) with ES | 100 |
Original table, based on data presented by Engelfriet, et al.51
ASD, atrial septal defect; ES, Eisenmenger syndrome; VSD, ventricular septal defect.