Overall and joint association of QTc and CKD with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality
| All-cause mortality | Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||
| Normal QTc | Prolonged QTc | Overall | Normal QTc | Prolonged QTc | Overall | ||
| Model 1 | Model 1 | ||||||
| No CKD | Reference | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | Reference | No CKD | Reference | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | Reference |
| CKD by eGFR only | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 2.6 (1.7–3.9) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | CKD by eGFR only | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | 3.1 (1.7–5.5) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) |
| CKD by ACR only | 2.0 (1.7–2.3) | 2.0 (1.4–3.0) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | CKD by ACR only | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) | 2.3 (1.4–3.9) | 2.1 (1.6–2.8) |
| Overall | Reference | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | Overall | Reference | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | ||
| Model 2 | Model 2 | ||||||
| No CKD | Reference | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | Reference | No CKD | Reference | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | Reference |
| CKD by eGFR only | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 2.6 (1.7–3.9) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | CKD by eGFR only | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | 3.1 (1.7–5.4) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) |
| CKD by ACR only | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 1.8 (1.5–2.0) | CKD by ACR only | 2.2 (1.5–3.1) | 1.9 (1.2–3.2) | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) |
| Overall | Reference | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | Overall | Reference | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | ||
Model 1 adjusted for age, race, gender, income and educational status.
Model 2 further adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, alcohol, total cholesterol, serum potassium, serum calcium, QT-prolonging medications and beta-blockers use.
Interaction p value from the fully adjusted model: prolonged QTc × CKD by eGFR=not significant, QT × CKD by ACR=not significant for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Net reclassification index from the fully adjusted model adding QTc to CKD. NRI was 0.166, p<0.00001 for all-cause mortality and NRI 0.162, p<0.00001 for CV mortality.
ACR, albumin to creatinine ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NRI, net reclassification index; QTc, corrected QT.