Neuroendocrine biomarkers at rest (0’) and at 3 min head-up tilt (3’)
| All (n=163–187) |
No Dx ref (n=24–30) | VVS (n=79–87) | p Value* | POTS (n=44–55) | p Value* | OH (n=16–17) | p Value† | ||
| P-renin 0’ | 15.0 (13) | 17.0 (12) | 15.5 (12) | 0.573 | 14.0 (14) | 0.550 | 10.5 (38) | 0.030 | 0.054 |
| P-renin 3’ | 15.5 (13) | 16.5 (15) | 16.0 (14) | 0.816 | 15.0 (13) | 0.658 | 10.0 (9) | 0.074 | 0.106 |
| ΔRenin | 0.0 (2.0) | 0.0 (2.5) | 0.0 (3.0) | 0.369 | 0.0 (2.0) | 0.993 | 0.0 (1.5) | 0.995 | 0.101 |
| P-epinephrine 0’ | 0.10 (0.1) | 0.09 (0.1) | 0.10 (0.1) | 0.999 | 0.085 (0.1) | 0.998 | 0.10 (0.2) | 0.976 | 0.937 |
| P-epinephrine 3’ | 0.19 (0.2) | 0.17 (0.2) | 0.21 (0.2) | 0.846 | 0.18 (0.2) | 0.825 | 0.14 (0.2) | 0.932 | 0.457 |
| ΔEpinephrine | 0.07 (0.13) | 0.06 (0.09) | 0.09 (0.2) | 0.690 | 0.07 (0.1) | 0.628 | 0.04 (0.11) | 1.00 | 0.452 |
| P-NE 0’ | 1.40 (0.9) | 1.70 (1.0) | 1.30 (0.8) | 0.071 | 1.48 (0.9) | 0.137 | 1.30 (0.6) | 0.524 | 0.097 |
| P-NE 3’ | 2.40 (1.4) | 2.45 (1.4) | 2.30 (0.9) | 0.513 | 2.90 (1.5) | 0.744 | 2.00 (1.1) | 0.744 | 0.018 |
| ΔNE | 1.00 (0.7) | 0.85 (0.5) | 0.90 (0.5) | 0.733 | 1.40 (1.2) | 0.008 | 0.90 (0.9) | 0.987 | 0.013 |
| MR-proANP 0’ | 45.0 (23.9) | 37.9 (30.2) | 48.0 (25.4) | 0.349 | 40.1 (23.0) | 0.955 | 52.7 (25.8) | 0.145 | 0.009 |
| MR-proANP 3’ | 45.7 (24.7) | 40.4 (33.1) | 50.6 (24.5) | 0.122 | 41.0 (18.5) | 0.999 | 53.7 (38.0) | 0.168 | 0.015 |
| ΔMR-proANP | 2.25 (4.2) | 1.18 (4.4) | 2.22 (2.8) | 0.992 | 2.55 (5.0) | 1.00 | 3.63 (7.3) | 0.999 | 0.958 |
| CT-proET1 0’ | 43.3 (13.5) | 47.4 (23.2) | 41.9 (11.8) | 0.998 | 43.8 (14.0) | 1.00 | 43.3 (8.7) | 0.991 | 0.891 |
| CT-proET1 3’ | 42.5 (14.2) | 39.4 (22.1) | 42.3 (11.2) | 0.996 | 41.7 (15.5) | 1.00 | 43.3 (12.8) | 0.791 | 0.769 |
| ΔCT-proET1 | 0.40 (4.6) | 0.80 (6.2) | 0.50 (4.3) | 0.796 | 0.40 (4.7) | 0.932 | −0.18 (3.6) | 0.712 | 0.723 |
| CT-proAVP 0’ | 6.14 (5.9) | 6.68 (4.8) | 5.65 (5.0) | 0.834 | 6.75 (6.9) | 0.933 | 5.04 (5.6) | 0.859 | 0.824 |
| CT-proAVP 3’ | 6.77 (6.7) | 6.16 (5.5) | 6.13 (6.8) | 0.576 | 7.24 (8.2) | 0.641 | 6.79 (7.1) | 0.62 | 0.615 |
| ΔCT-proAVP | 0.16 (2.3) | −0.29 (1.5) | 0.34 (2.5) | 0.098 | 0.18 (3.9) | 0.033 | 0.07 (1.3) | 0.533 | 0.052 |
Displayed as median (IQR) in pm/L.
Number of patients displayed as range of available samples in the diagnosis groups.
*p Value for Tukey’s or Games-Howell post hoc test in relation to no Dx (reference group) for continuous variables.
†ANOVA or Welch test p value for continuous variables and Pearson's χ2 p value for dichotomous variables.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; no Dx, no diagnosis; OH, orthostatic hypotension; POTS, postural tachycardia syndrome; VVS, vasovagal syncope.