Baseline characteristics of the Italian bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) infective endocarditis (IE) populations
| BAV with IE n=48 | TAV with IE n=341 | p value BAV IE versus TAV IE | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | |||
| <40 | 28 (58.3%) | 55 (16.1%) | |
| 40–49 | 9 (18.8%) | 69 (20.2%) | |
| 50–59 | 5 (10.4%) | 82 (24.1%) | <0.0001 |
| 60–69 | 6 (12.5%) | 74 (21.7%) | |
| 70–79 | 0 | 54 (15.8%) | |
| >=80 | 0 | 7 (2.1%) | |
| Gender (female) | 7 (14.6%) | 100 (29.3%) | 0.032 |
| Race (Caucasian) | 48 (100%) | 341 (100%) | - |
| Diabetes | 7 (14.6%) | 41 (12.0%) | 0.61 |
| COPD | 3 (6.3%) | 48 (14.1%) | 0.13 |
| Cancer | 1 (2.1%) | 16 (4.7%) | 0.41 |
| Lymphoma | 0 | 2 (0.6%) | 0.59 |
| Renal disease | 4 (8.3%) | 54 (15.8%) | 0.17 |
| Liver disease | 4 (8.3%) | 81 (23.8%) | 0.016 |
| Obesity | 3 (6.3%) | 13 (3.8%) | 0.43 |
| Drug abuse | 5 (10.4%) | 56 (16.4%) | 0.28 |
| Prior cardiac status | |||
| Hypertension | 9 (18.8%) | 181 (53.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 8 (16.7%) | 79 (23.2%) | 0.31 |
| Previous stroke | 5 (10.4%) | 43 (12.6%) | 0.67 |
| Rheumatic heart disease | 3 (6.7%) | 23 (6.7%) | 0.90 |
| Arrhythmia | 8 (16.7%) | 65 (19.1%) | 0.69 |
| Valve disease | |||
| Aortic valve endocarditis | 48 (100%) | 186 (54.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Mitral valve endocarditis | 10 (20.8%) | 173 (50.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Tricuspid valve endocarditis | 0 | 53 (15.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Pulmonary valve endocarditis | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 0.71 |
| Vegetation present | 41 (85.4%) | 289 (84.5%) | 0.90 |
| Abscess present | 12 (25.0%) | 60 (17.6%) | 0.22 |
| Organism (S. aureus) | 4 (8.3%) | 57 (16.7%) | 0.13 |
| Valvular regurgitation | 48 (100%) | 341 (100%) | 1 |
| Modified duke criteria for IE | |||
| Major: imaging | 41 (85.4%) | 289 (84.8%) | 0.90 |
| Major: microbiology | 35 (72.9%) | 225 (66.0%) | 0.34 |
| Minor: intravenous drug use | 5 (10.4%) | 56 (16.4%) | 0.28 |
| Minor: heart disease | 48 (100%) | 23 (6.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Minor: fever | 45 (93.8%) | 280 (82.1%) | 0.42 |
| Minor: implanted device | 1 (2.1%) | 44 (12.9%) | 0.028 |
| Minor: end-stage renal disease | 1 (2.1%) | 21 (6.2%) | 0.25 |
| Minor: immunological | 3 (6.7%) | 23 (6.7%) | 0.90 |
| Outcomes* | |||
| Survival | |||
| 1 year | 41/44 (93.2%) | 259/307 (84.4%) | 0.12 |
| 5 years | 13/16 (81.2%) | 89/160 (55.6%) | 0.048 |
| 10 years | 0/3 (0%) | 6/90 (6.77%) | 0.64 |
*After diagnosis of IE in the IE case, and the age-equivalent date in the non-IE control.