Results of multilevel modelling of change score (95% CI) from baseline and group difference (95% CI)
| Standard care (n=34) Mean change from baseline (95% CI) | CBT (n=34) Mean change from baseline (95% CI) | Group comparison Change difference (95% CI) | p value | |
| HAI* | ||||
| 6 months | −3.29 (−5.63 to to 0.95) | −2.35 (−4.58 to to 0.12) | 0.94 (−2.30 to 4.17) | 0.569 |
| 12 months | −4.21 (−6.73 to to 1.69) | −4.97 (−7.41 to to 2.54) | −0.76 (−4.11 to 2.59) | 0.654 |
| HADS_anx | ||||
| 6 months | −2.39 (−3.80 to to 0.99) | −2.99 (−4.27 to 1.71) | −0.60 (−2.55 to 1.35) | 0.546 |
| 12 months | −3.08 (−4.49 to to 1.67) | −4.15 (−5.65 to to 2.66) | −1.07 (−3.19 to 1.05) | 0.319 |
| HADS_dep | ||||
| 6 months | −0.69 (−1.86 to 0.48) | −0.96 (−2.15 to 0.23) | −0.27 (−1.91 to 1.38) | 0.75 |
| 12 months | −1.57 (−2.77 to 0.38) | −1.99 (−3.23 to 0.75) | −0.41 (−2.15 to 1.32) | 0.639 |
| SFQ | ||||
| 6 months | −0.75 (−1.94 to 0.43) | −0.52 (−1.64 to 0.61) | 0.24 (−1.39 to 1.86) | 0.774 |
| 12 months | −0.22 (−1.42 to 0.98) | −0.94 (−2.17 to 0.29) | −0.72 (−2.55 to 1.11) | 0.435 |
| HAQ-CP | ||||
| 6 months | −3.31 (−6.48 to 0.14) | −5.75 (−9.00 to 2.50) | −2.44 (−7.21 to 2.32) | 0.313 |
| 12 months | −5.16 (−8.67 to 1.66) | −9.53 (−12.93 to 6.12) | −4.36 (−9.60 to 0.87) | 0.101 |
| INSKIP pain | ||||
| 6 months | −1.08 (−1.64 to 0.52) | −0.43 (−0.97 to 0.10) | 0.65 (−0.11 to 1.40) | 0.095 |
| 12 months | −1.47 (−2.07 to 0.88) | −1.40 (−1.99 to 0.80) | 0.08 (−0.71 to 0.87) | 0.842 |
| INSKIP severity | ||||
| 6 months | −0.72 (−5.73 to 4.30) | −4.00 (−9.12 to 1.12) | −3.29 (−10.57 to 4.00) | 0.376 |
| 12 months | −0.60 (−5.60 to 4.41) | −4.39 (−9.59 to 0.82) | −3.79 (−11.07 to 3.49) | 0.307 |
| Seps1symp | ||||
| 6 months | −0.84 (−1.66 to to 0.02) | −0.38 (−1.12 to 0.37) | 0.46 (−0.63 to 1.55) | 0.407 |
| 12 months | −0.76 (−1.51 to 0.00) | −1.03 (−1.76 to to 0.30) | −0.27 (−1.30 to 0.76) | 0.605 |
| SEPS2 mean | ||||
| 6 months | −2.76 (−4.69 to 0.82) | −2.93 (−5.01 to 0.85) | −0.17 (−2.83 to 2.49) | 0.898 |
| 12 months | −3.80 (−5.85 to 1.76) | −4.69 (−6.97 to 2.41) | −0.88 (−3.94 to 2.17) | 0.568 |
* Subgroup analysis of the high versus low HAI group (in table 1) showed no important differences between the four groups so identified and HAI scores were all lower at 12 months than at 6 months.
CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; HAI, Health Anxiety Inventory; HADS-A, Anxiety section of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-D, Depression section of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAQ-CP, Health Anxiety Questionnaire for Chest Pain; SFQ, Social Functioning Questionnaire, INSKIP scale names after its inventor, Brian Inskip.
Pain measured in terms of frequency and severity by INSKIP scales, SEPS, Schedule for Evaluating Persistent Symptoms; SEPS1 (frequency of main symptoms), SEPS2 (disability produced by main symptoms).