Clinical and echocardiographic variables linked to low LA strain
| Low LA strain (LA strain <10%) | ||||||
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
| Variables | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value |
| LA enlargement | ||||||
| LA diameter >40 mm | 2.2 | 1.0 to 5.0 | 0.047 | 2.8 | 0.8 to 10.3 | 0.105 |
| LA area >20 cm² | 2.7 | 1.2 to 6.0 | 0.016 | 2.7 | 0.8 to 6.0 | 0.199 |
| LA volume >58 mL | 2.1 | 0.9 to 4.7 | 0.060 | 2.1 | 0.8 to 4.5 | 0.099 |
| LAVI >28 mL/m² | 3.7 | 1.6 to 8.6 | 0.002 | 11.3 | 0.6 to >100 | 0.094 |
| LV function and remodelling | ||||||
| LV hypertrophy | 1.1 | 0.5 to 2.5 | 0.689 | 0.7 | 0.2 to 2.4 | 0.674 |
| LV longitudinal systolic dysfunction | 10.2 | 2.2 to 46.8 | 0.003 | 8.6 | 1.3 to 56.7 | 0.025 |
| LV longitudinal diastolic dysfunction | 5.6 | 1.6 to 18.8 | 0.005 | 7.5 | 1.3 to 41.1 | 0.019 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| >75 years of age | 3.4 | 0.9 to 12.1 | 0.051 | 4.9 | 0.5 to 43.4 | 0.148 |
| Type II diabetes | 1.0 | 0.2 to 4.2 | 0.934 | 2.5 | 0.2 to 29.4 | 0.443 |
| Hypertension | 3.0 | 1.1 to 7.9 | 0.026 | 1.6 | 0.3 to 6.7 | 0.496 |
| Obesity | 0.9 | 0.4 to 2.2 | 0.920 | 0.3 | 0.1 to 1.2 | 0.095 |
| History of CAD | 1.6 | 0.6 to 3.9 | 0.305 | 0.3 | 0.1 to 1.3 | 0.131 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 | 4.5 | 1.7 to 11.3 | 0.001 | 5.3 | 1.3 to 20.9 | 0.017 |
| CHADS2 score ≥2 | 1.0 | 0.3 to 2.9 | 0.902 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 2.0 | 0.172 |
LV longitudinal systolic and diastolic dysfunction was defined as LV strain > −16% and LV SRe <0.95 s−1, respectively. LV hypertrophy = LV mass ≥96 g/m2 in women or ≥116 g/m2 in men.
CAD, coronary artery disease; LAVI, LA volume index; LV, left ventricular; SRe, early-diastolic strain rate.