ECG | Predictors | β-coefficient (SE) | 95% CI | p Value | R2 adj |
Heart rate | 0.04 | ||||
BMI | 0.3771 (0.3890) | (−0.3954 to 1.1496) | 0.34 | ||
Obstruction | −2.4663 (2.5794) | (−7.5879 to 2.6552) | 0.34 | ||
Emphysema | 3.3934 (1.4087) | (0.5963 to 6.1905) | 0.02 | ||
Log (P-wave V1) | 0.08 | ||||
BMI | −0.0083 (0.0120) | (−0.0323 to 0.0156) | 0.49 | ||
Obstruction | −0.1431 (0.0721) | (−0.2870 to 0.0007) | 0.05 | ||
Emphysema | 0.0638 (0.0420) | (−0.01994 to 0.1476) | 0.13 | ||
Afterload | −0.0311 (0.0214) | (−0.0738 to 0.0115) | 0.15 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | 0.6196 (0.2190) | (0.1832 to 1.0561) | 0.006 | ||
Log (QRS duration) | 0.06 | ||||
Gender* | −0.0311 (0.0166) | (−0.0641 to 0.0017) | 0.06 | ||
Afterload | 0.0084 (0.0060) | (−0.0036 to 0.0204) | 0.17 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | −0.1458 (0.0744) | (−0.2936 to 0.0020) | 0.05 | ||
Log (180-QRS axis)† | |||||
Gender* | 0.0309 (0.0282) | (−0.0251 to 0.0868) | 0.28 | ||
BMI | 0.0170 (0.0059) | (0.0020 to 0.0288) | 0.005 | ||
Obstruction | 0.0382 (0.0288) | (−0.0190 to 0.0954) | 0.19 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | −0.1579 (0.1187) | (−0.3935 to 0.0777) | 0.19 | ||
R+S precordial leads | 0.07 | ||||
Obstruction | 5.8220 (3.1490) | (−0.4371 to 12.0811) | 0.08 | ||
Emphysema | −3.7882 (1.6900) | (−7.1473 to –0.4291) | 0.03 | ||
Afterload | −0.1184 (0.9034) | (−1.9140 to 1.6772) | 0.90 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | −15.9687 (9.1503) | (−34.1560 to 2.2187) | 0.09 | ||
R+S frontal leads | 0.11 | ||||
Gender* | 0.8272 (0.6782) | (−0.5214 to 2.1757) | 0.23 | ||
BMI | −0.3702 (0.1447) | (−0.6580 to –0.0823) | 0.01 | ||
Obstruction | 1.4496 (1.0280) | (−0.5944 to 3.4936) | 0.16 | ||
Emphysema | −1.5747 (0.6008) | (−2.7693 to –0.3800) | 0.01 | ||
Afterload | −0.1662 (0.2817) | (−0.7263 to 0.3939) | 0.56 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | −3.2500 (2.8746) | (−8.9655 to 2.4656) | 0.26 | ||
Log (Sokolow-Lyon RVH) | 0.19 | ||||
Gender* | −0.0453 (0.0708) | (−0.1861 to 0.0956) | 0.52 | ||
BMI | 0.0383 (0.0151) | (0.0082 to 0.0684) | 0.01 | ||
Obstruction | 0.2523 (0.1074) | (0.0388 to 0.4657) | 0.02 | ||
Emphysema | −0.1090 (0.0627) | (−0.2338 to 0.0157) | 0.09 | ||
Afterload | 0.0825 (0.0294) | (0.0241 to 0.1411) | 0.006 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | −0.6141 (0.3002) | (−1.2110 to –0.0172) | 0.04 | ||
Log (Sokolow-Lyon RVH product) | 0.20 | ||||
Gender* | −0.0720 (0.0761) | (−0.2235 to 0.0795) | 0.35 | ||
BMI | 0.0389 (0.0162) | (0.0065 to 0.0712) | 0.02 | ||
Obstruction | 0.2560 (0.1155) | (0.0264 to 0.4856) | 0.03 | ||
Emphysema | −0.1180 (0.0675) | (−0.2521 to 0.0162) | 0.08 | ||
Afterload | 0.0947 (0.0317) | (0.0317to 0.1575) | 0.004 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | −0.7719 (0.3229) | (−1.4140 to –0.1298) | 0.02 | ||
Sokolow Lyon left ventricular hypertrophy | 0.08 | ||||
Gender* | −0.5269 (0.6870) | (−1.8927 to 0.8388) | 0.45 | ||
BMI | −0.1964 (0.1482) | (−0.4912 to 0.0983) | 0.19 | ||
Obstruction | −0.3134 (1.0412) | (−2.3834 to 1.7565) | 0.76 | ||
Emphysema | −0.3042 (0.6073) | (−1.5156 to 0.9030) | 0.62 | ||
Afterload | −0.5327 (0.2660) | (−1.0615 to –0.0038) | 0.05 | ||
Cornell Index model 1 | 0.34 | ||||
Gender* | 3.2567 (0.4886) | (2.2860 to 4.2275) | <0.0001 | ||
BMI | 0.1759 (0.1030) | (−0.0288 to 0.3807) | 0.09 | ||
Afterload | 0.3542 (0.1778) | (0.0009 to 0.7076) | 0.05 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | −0.2416 (2.1360) | (−4.4851 to 4.0019) | 0.91 | ||
Cornell Index model 2 | 0.34 | ||||
Gender* | 3.3363 (0.4697) | (2.4037 to 4.2687) | <0.0001 | ||
BMI | 0.1697 (0.0992) | (−0.0272 to 0.0366) | 0.09 | ||
Obstruction | 0.9709 (0.4815) | (0.0150 to 1.9267) | 0.05 | ||
RV/LV EDVI | 0.2188 (1.9797) | (−3.7109 to 4.1486) | 0.91 |
Multiple linear regression analysis.
Bold values are statistically significant. p Value refers to t-test of regression coefficient.
*Female as reference category.†Log (180-QRS axis): increased value reflects a more leftward axis.
R2 adj, adjusted R2; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RV/LV EDVI, right ventricle/left ventricle end-diastolic volume ratio; RVH, right ventricular hypertrophy.