Table 3

Adjusted changes in biochemical parameters in the V+A and in the V+T groups

V+A group (n=48)V+T group (n=49)Between-group differencep
BUNBaseline15.6±4.116.2±4.2
(mg/dL)End of study17.5±5.2*16.7±5.3
End of study*17.8 (16.6 to 19.0)16.5 (15.3 to 17.7)1.3 (−0.46 to 3.00)0.15
CreatineBaseline0.74±0.190.74±0.22
(mg/dL)End of study0.76±0.200.78±0.24*
End of study*0.76 (0.74 to 0.79)0.78 (0.76 to 0.81)0.02 (−0.02 to 0.05)0.36
NaBaseline141.0±2.1141.5±2.1
(mEq/L)End of study140.6±2.2141.5±1.9
End of study*140.1 (140.2 to 141.3)141.4 (140.9 to 141.9)−0.6 (−1.3 to 0.10)0.09
KBaseline4.2±0.44.2±0.3
(mEq/L)End of study4.3±0.44.2±0.4
End of study*4.3 (4.2 to 4.4)4.2 (4.1 to 4.3)0.1 (−0.9 to 2.2)0.40
ClBaseline104.5±2.1105.2±2.4
(mEq/L)End of study104.8±2.4105.3±2.3
End of study*105.0 (104.5 to 105.7)105.1 (104.6 to 105.7)−0.1 (−0.9 to 0.8)0.89
UACRBaseline35.9±38.933.6±35.3
(mg/g creatine)End of study19.8±15.4*25.6±27.4*
End of study*19.2 (14.2 to 24.2)26.0 (21.3 to 30.7)−6.7 (−13.7 to 0.14)0.055
HbA1cBaseline5.5±0.65.3±0.3
(%)End of study5.5±0.65.5±0.4*
End of study*5.5 (5.4 to 5.6)5.7 (5.5 to 5.8)−0.2 (−0.3 to −0.003)0.045
LDL-CBaseline129±58106±34
(mg/dL)End of study101±28106±33
End of study*102 (96 to 108)106 (100 to 112)−4 (−13 to 5)0.38
TriglycerideBaseline130±59130±73
(mg/dL)End of study131±67129±69
End of study*131 (117 to 147)129 (114 to 144)3 (−19 to –24)0.79
HDL-CBaseline61±1661±15
(mg/dL)End of study62±1862±16
End of study*62 (59 to 65)62 (59 to 65)0.02 (−3.8 to –3.9)0.99
Uric acidBaseline4.7±1.35.4±1.3
(mg/nL)End of study5.0±1.25.7±1.3*
End of study*5.3 (4.9 to 5.7)6.0 (5.7 to 6.4)−0.7 (−1.3 to −0.2)<0.01
Plasma renin activityBaseline2.1±2.52.0±3.1
(ng/mL/hour)End of study0.7±1.02.3±2.5
End of study*0.7 (0.2 to 1.2)2.4 (1.9 to 2.9)1.7 (2.4 to 1.0)<0.01
AldosteroneBaseline79.4±43.779.9±35.8
(pg/mL)End of study76.7±35.779.7±33.1
End of study*75.8 (67.5 to 84.1)81.3 (73.5 to 89.0)−5.5 (−16.8 to 5.9)0.34
AdiponectinBaseline13.9±8.513.8±8.9
(μg/mL)End of study14.2±7.913.6±7.9
End of study*13.6 (12.9 to 14.4)13.2 (12.5 to 13.9)0.46 (−0.56 to 1.49)0.37
BNPBaseline48.8±53.039.1±33.7
(ng/mL)End of study34.2±82.227.8±53.6
End of study*32.5 (26.2 to 38.8)29.4 (23.2 to 35.5)3.0 (−5.7 to 11.8)0.49
Urinary 8-OHdG/CrBaseline13.3±5.013.2±5.5
(ng/mg creatine)End of study10.3±3.9*12.4±5.6
End of study*10.3 (9.2 to 11.4)12.3 (11.3 to 13.4)−2.0 (−3.6 to 0.5)<0.01
Urinary creatineBaseline0.87±0.500.87±0.40
(mg/dL)End of study0.97±0.561.04±0.82
End of study*0.88 (0.76 to 1.00)0.89 (0.75 to 1.04)−0.01 (−0.20 to 0.18)0.90
  • Data are expressed as the mean±SD or mean (95% CI).

  • *The least square means (95% CI) and p values were derived from ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex and each baseline value.

  • †p <0.01 versus baseline (paired t-test) and **p <0.05 versus baseline (paired t-test).

  • ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; BNP, plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UACR, urinary albumin to creatine ratio; 8-OHdG/Cr, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine to creatine ratio.