Demographic, social, health and lifestyle characteristics by medication use among patients with hypertension or hyperlipidaemia who were recommended/indicated for pharmacological treatments
| Hypertensive subjects on antihypertensives (AHs) | Hypertensive subjects without AHs | Hyperlipidaemic subjects on lipid-lowering medications | Hyperlipidaemic subjects without lipid-lowering medications | |
| N | 8099 | 3752 | 4645 | 4550 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 65.9 (13.1)* | 49.8 (17.2) | 64.9 (12.2)* | 63.1 (15.4) |
| Gender (% female) | 4438 (54.8)* | 1751 (46.7) | 485 (48.7)* | 2257 (49.6) |
| Race (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 4214 (52.0)* | 1820 (48.5) | 2684 (57.8)* | 2219 (48.8) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2079 (25.7) | 805 (21.5) | 837 (18.0) | 998 (21.9) |
| Mexican American | 1111 (13.7) | 780 (20.8) | 681 (14.7) | 891 (19.6) |
| Education >12 years (%) | 2132 (60.9)* | 1450 (38.8) | 640 (64.5)* | 1220 (54.2) |
| Non-impoverished (%) | 6040 (82.3)* | 2756 (80.6) | 3583 (84.9) | 3170 (77.4) |
| Non-current smoker (%) | 6923 (85.5) | 791 (21.1) | 666 (14.3)* | 866 (19.0) |
| Reported health, Excellent/very good (%) | 2039 (25.2)* | 1463 (39.0) | 1231 (26.5)* | 950 (20.9) |
| Alcohol <5 drinks (%) | 7003 (86.5)* | 848 (84.1) | 693 (14.9) | 3850 (84.6) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 30.9 (7.0) | 30.0 (7.1) | 30.2 (6.3) | 30.1 (7.0) |
| ≥30.0 | 3529 (43.6) | 1337 (35.6) | 1927 (41.5) | 1719 (37.8) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 2466 (30.5) | 1307 (34.8) | 1553 (33.4) | 1382 (30.4) |
| <25.0 | 2104 (26.9) | 1108 (29.5) | 1165 (25.1) | 1449 (31.8) |
| Physical activity >150 min/week (%) | 1157 (14.3) | 624 (16.7) | 752 (16.3) | 740 (16.3) |
| Multivitamin use (%) | 2665 (32.9) | 1205 (32.1) | 1636 (35.2) | 1322 (29.1) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 993 (12.3)* | 381 (10.2) | ||
| Hypertension | 3200 (68.9)* | 2621 (57.6) | ||
| Diabetes | 2137 (26.4)* | 372 (9.9) | 1404 (30.2)* | 2123 (46.7) |
| Heart disease | 1756 (21.7)* | 344 (9.2) | 1230 (26.5)* | 1703 (37.4) |
| Cerebrovascular | 796 (9.8)* | 143 (3.8) | 414 (8.9)* | 823 (18.1) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 875 (10.8) | 292 (7.8) | 515 (11.1) | 568 (12.5) |
| Non-skin cancer | 1323 (16.3)* | 381 (10.2) | 764 (16.5)* | 705 (15.5) |
| Arthritis | 3914 (48.3)* | 1119 (29.8) | 2245 (48.3)* | |
| Dietary variables | N=4484 | N=1799 | N=2875 | N=2267 |
| DASH score >4.5 | 799 (17.8) | 289 (16.1) | 514 (17.9) | 403 (17.8) |
| Total fat | 1001 (23.3)* | 496 (27.6) | 673 (23.4) | 514 (22.7) |
| Saturated fat | 410 (9.1) | 210 (11.7) | 253 (8.8) | 230 (10.6) |
| Protein | 1335 (29.8) | 452 (25.1) | 866 (30.1) | 708 (31.2) |
| Fibre | 434 (9.7)* | 155 (8.6) | 262 (9.1) | 215 (9.5) |
| Cholesterol | 478(34.4)* | 400 (22.2) | 596 (20.7) | 461 (20.3) |
| Calcium | 2418 (53.9) | 948 (52.7) | 1573 (54.7) | 1177 (51.9) |
| Magnesium | 262 (5.8)* | 84 (4.7) | 164 (5.7)* | 124 (5.5) |
| Potassium | 258 (5.8)* | 76 (4.2) | 162 (5.6)* | 326 (14.4) |
| Sodium | 600 (13.4)* | 331 (18.4) | 362 (12.6)* | 326 (14.4) |
*p<0.05.
DASH, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension.