Baseline characteristics according to subclinical sleep apnoea
| Characteristic n=1255 | REI<5 n=1150 (92%) | REI 5–14 n=105 (8%) | p Value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 35 (30–39) | 37 (33–39) | 0.02 |
| Males (%) | 505 (44%) | 85 (81%) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 23.9 (21.7–26.5) | 27.0 (23.5–30.1) | <0.0001 |
| Endothelin (pg/mL) | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | 2.9 (2.4–3.6) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR, CKD-EPI (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 113 (105–119) | 110 (101–118) | 0.02 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 67 (57–76) | 74 (67–83) | <0.0001 |
| High-sensitive CRP (mg/L) | 0.9 (0.5–1.9) | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | 0.007 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 (5.1–5.6) | 5.4 (5.2–5.7) | 0.17 |
| 24-hour blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| Systolic | 122 (114–130) | 128 (119–136) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic | 77 (72–82) | 81 (76–86) | <0.0001 |
| Daytime blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| Systolic | 126 (118–133) | 133 (123–142) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic | 80 (75–86) | 85 (80–89) | <0.0001 |
| Night-time blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| Systolic | 107 (101–115) | 112 (107–120) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic | 65 (60–70) | 68 (63–74) | <0.0001 |
| Office blood pressure (mm Hg) | |||
| Systolic | 120 (111–127) | 128 (120–133) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic | 78 (73–84) | 84 (78–86) | <0.0001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 2.8 (2.3–3.5) | 3.2 (2.6–3.9) | <0.0001 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | |||
| Current | 244 (21%) | 32 (30%) | 0.01 |
| Past | 262 (23%) | 22 (21%) | 0.09 |
| Never | 644 (56%) | 51 (49%) | 0.03 |
Values are median (IQRs) or counts (percentages).
*Based on Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.
CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; CRP, C reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; REI, respiratory event index.