Baseline patient characteristics
| Variable | Reduced EF (LVEF≤40%) N=409 | Preserved EF (LVEF>40%) N=526 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 305 (74.6%) | 255 (48.5%) | <0.01 |
| Age (years) | 68.5±12.6 | 75.5±11.4 | <0.01 |
| Follow-up (years) | 3.0±1.7 | 2.8±1.7 | 0.09 |
| Myocardial infarction | 126 (30.8%) | 98 (18.6%) | <0.01 |
| COPD | 78 (19.1%) | 158 (30.0%) | <0.01 |
| Stroke | 38 (9.3%) | 49 (9.3%) | 1.00 |
| Malignancy | 37 (9.0%) | 57 (10.8%) | 0.38 |
| CKD | 66 (16.1%) | 72 (13.7%) | 0.31 |
| Diabetes | 104 (25.4%) | 144 (27.4%) | 0.55 |
| Hypertension | 258 (63.1%) | 368 (70.0%) | 0.03 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 200 (48.9%) | 238 (45.2%) | 0.29 |
| Smoking | 50 (12.2%) | 37 (7.0%) | 0.01 |
| Admission heart rate | 103 (IQR 75–130) | 90 (IQR 69–122) | <0.01 |
| Achieved heart rate | 72 (IQR 65–82) | 73 (IQR 64–83) | 0.79 |
| Discharge SBP (mm Hg) | 113.3±17.3 | 121.5±18.0 | <0.01 |
| Rhythm control | 94 (23.0%) | 95 (18.1%) | 0.07 |
| Amiodarone | 93 (22.7%) | 91 (17.3%) | 0.05 |
| Other antiarrhythmic | 24 (5.9%) | 25 (4.8%) | 0.46 |
| Prescribed β-blocker | 387 (94.6%) | 418 (79.4%) | <0.01 |
| Low dose | 158 (40.8%) | 165 (39.5%) | <0.01 |
| High dose | 229 (59.2%) | 253 (60.5%) | |
| Metoprolol | 100 (25.8%) | 200 (47.8%) | <0.01 |
| Carvedilol | 212 (54.8%) | 86 (20.6%) | |
| Bisoprolol | 65 (16.7%) | 107 (25.6%) | |
| Other | 10 (2.6%) | 25 (5.6%) | |
| Digoxin | 146 (35.7%) | 126 (24.0%) | <0.01 |
| LVEF (%) | 27.2±8.3 | 55.9±5.9 | <0.01 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 131.1±20.3 | 126.0±19.9 | <0.01 |
| WCC (10^9/L) | 7.1±2.3 | 7.4±3.2 | 0.71 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.6±3.4 | 139.0±3.9 | 0.03 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 111.6±52.9 | 110.1±71.7 | 0.06 |
Heart rates are displayed as median (IQR). The remaining continuous variables are displayed as mean±SD.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WCC, white cell count.