Table 6

Multivariable associations of T-wave and other ECG changes with (1) sudden CHD death and (2) non-sudden CHD death*

	Sudden death (n=184)	No sudden death (n=1983)	Adjusted* HR	95% CI	p Value
(1) Sudden death
High-risk ECG abnormality
Absent	150	1816	1	–	<0.001†
Without T-wave changes	13	114	1.40	0.78 to 2.52
T-wave changes‡	21	53	2.60	1.58 to 4.29
T-wave changes
Absent	163	1930	1	–	<0.001
Present	21	53	2.52	1.52 to 4.18	<0.001
Q/QS pattern
Absent	180	1959	1	–	0.84
Present	4	24	1.11	0.39 to 3.16	0.84
Arrhythmias
Absent	174	1903	1	–	0.46
Present	10	80	1.29	0.66 to 2.49	0.46

	Non-sudden CHD death (n=78)	No non-sudden CHD death (n=2089)	Adjusted* HR	95% CI	p Value
(2) Non-sudden CHD death
High-risk ECG abnormality
Absent	73	1893	1	–	0.21†
Without T-wave changes	3	124	0.62	0.19 to 2.04	0.21†
T-wave changes‡	2	72	0.47	0.11 to 1.99
T-wave changes
Absent	76	2017	1	–	0.30
Present	2	72	0.46	0.11 to 1.97	0.30
Q/QS pattern
Absent	76	2063	1	–	0.28
Present	2	26	2.31	0.51 to 10.53	0.28
Arrhythmias
Absent	77	2000	1	–	0.17
Present	1	89	0.24	0.03 to 1.81	0.17

*Adjusted for age, peak flow rate, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking status, previous angina, cholesterol, fibrinogen, factor VII, triglycerides, platelets, white cell count, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, alcohol use, social class, factor V and factor VIII.
†Trend test.
‡Broken down by the presence of ST depression: T-wave alone: sudden deaths=13, non-sudden CHD deaths=1, non-CHD death/alive=40.
T-wave and ST depression: sudden deaths=8, non-sudden CHD deaths=1, non-CHD death/alive=11. For (1) sudden death: adjusted HR=2.31 (95% CI 1.27 to 4.19) (T-wave alone); 3.07 (95% CI 1.39 to 6.78 (T-wave and ST depression). For (2) non-sudden CHD death: adjusted HR=0.33 (95% CI 0.05 to 2.46) (T-wave alone); 0.89 (95% CI 0.11 to 7.07 (T-wave and ST depression).
CHD, coronary heart disease.