Baseline characteristics
| Total (n=1310) | Isolated SAVR (n=585) | SAVR with CABG (n=518) | TAVI (n=207) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient-level factors | |||||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age | |||||
| 20–74 | 49.4 | 66.5 | 43.8 | 15.0 | <0.0001 |
| 75+ | 50.6 | 33.5 | 56.2 | 85.0 | <0.0001 |
| Mean±SD (years) | 72.4±11.3 | 67.5±12.2 | 74.3±8.4 | 81.7±7.2 | |
| Female | 36.3 | 39.5 | 29.2 | 44.9 | <0.0001 |
| Medical comorbidities | |||||
| COPD | 9.4 | 6.3 | 9.7 | 17.4 | <0.0001 |
| CVD | 11.4 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 20.8 | <0.0001 |
| PVD | 12.8 | 5.6 | 16.2 | 24.6 | <0.0001 |
| BMI* | 0.0002 | ||||
| Underweight/normal | 21.1 | 20.2 | 20.1 | 26.1 | |
| Overweight | 71.3 | 70.8 | 75.7 | 61.8 | |
| Missing | 7.6 | 9.1 | 4.2 | 12.1 | |
| Renal function | <0.0001 | ||||
| Creatinine 0–140 μmol/L | 82.8 | 84.1 | 86.5 | 70.0 | |
| Creatinine >140 μmol/L | 10.3 | 7.9 | 10.0 | 17.9 | |
| Missing | 6.9 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 12.1 | |
| Dialysis | 2.0 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 0.0666 |
| Anticoagulant use | 13.4 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 26.6 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac risk factors | |||||
| Diabetes | 32.1 | 25.6 | 36.1 | 40.1 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 73.5 | 65.5 | 77.0 | 87.4 | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 62.8 | 49.2 | 73.0 | 75.8 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | 0.0029 | ||||
| Never/missing/unknown | 50.2 | 54.2 | 44.4 | 53.6 | |
| Former/current smoker | 49.8 | 45.8 | 55.6 | 46.4 | |
| Active endocarditis | 1.5 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac history | |||||
| History of MI† | 12.7 | 5.0 | 16.4 | 25.6 | <0.0001 |
| Recent MI‡ | 9.2 | 4.3 | 17.0 | 3.4 | <0.0001 |
| Previous PCI | 10.3 | 3.6 | 10.6 | 28.5 | <0.0001 |
| Previous CABG | 7.6 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 30.4 | <0.0001 |
| CHF | 24.7 | 19.5 | 19.9 | 51.7 | <0.0001 |
| LVEF | 0.0058 | ||||
| ≥35% | 86.2 | 85.5 | 86.7 | 87.0 | |
| <34% | 7.9 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 10.6 | |
| Unknown | 6.0 | 8.2 | 4.8 | 2.4 | |
| Procedural factors | |||||
| AV repair | NA | 1.0 | 1.2 | NA | <0.0001 |
| Other procedures§ | NA | 6.7 | 6.6 | NA | 0.0007 |
| Transfemoral approach | NA | NA | NA | 76.8 | <0.0001 |
| Wait location | <0.0001 | ||||
| Outpatient | 77.6 | 81.2 | 67.4 | 93.2 | |
| Inpatient¶ | 22.4 | 18.8 | 32.6 | 6.8 | |
| Inpatient wait length | <0.0001 | ||||
| ≤4 days | 81.5 | 85.0 | 72.4 | 94.2 | |
| ≥5 days | 18.5 | 15 | 27.6 | 5.8 | |
| Short length of stay** | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.0097 |
| Long ICU length of stay†† | 25.8 | 16.1 | 28.6 | 46.4 | <0.0001 |
Unless otherwise specified, values represent proportions.
*BMI: underweight=<18.5, normal=18.5–24.9, overweight=25–29.9, obese=≥30.
†History of MI: MI >30 days ago.
‡Recent MI: MI within the past 30 days.
§Other procedures: aneurysectomy, myectomy, atrial septal defect closure, ventricular septal defect closure, aortic surgery pericardectomy, arrhythmia surgery, cardiac tumour surgery, other surgery.
¶Wait location—inpatient=if wait location at referral, acceptance or booking is a hospital.
**Short length of Stay: ≤2 days
††Long ICU length of Stay: ≥4 days.
AV, aortic valve; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; ICU, intensive care unit; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.