Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiographic and other characteristics pre-AVR and post-AVR
| Pre-AVR (n=37) | Post-AVR (n=37) | Difference (95% CI) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pVO2 (mL/min/kg) | 18.5 (5.3) | 18.4 (5.9) | −0.1 (−1.1 to 0.9) | 0.9 |
| Percentage of predicted pVO2 (%) | 87.1 (18.0) | 86.8 (22.9) | −0.3 (−4.3 to 3.6) | 0.9 |
| pO2 pulse/Hb index (mL/m²) | 41.5 (7.7) | 42.8 (8.36) | 1.3 (−1.2 to 3.6) | 0.3 |
| Percentage of predicted pO2 pulse (%) | 99.8 (22.0) | 104.3 (24.5) | 4.5 (−1.4 to 10.3) | 0.14 |
| Respiratory coefficient | 1.07 (0.10) | 1.06 (0.11) | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.03) | 0.9 |
| Anaerobic threshold | ||||
| Percentage of predicted pVO2 (%) | 57.1 (14.8) | 56.0 (11.4) | −1.1 (−4.1 to 2.2) | 0.5 |
| Percentage of predicted pHR (%) | 85.7 (12.1) | 84.1 (16.2) | −1.6 (−6.3 to 3.01) | 0.5 |
| Percentage of predicted FEV1 (%) | 89.2 (20.5) | 83.5 (20.8) | −5.7 (−10.2 to −1.2) | 0.015 |
| AVAI (cm²/m²) | 0.41 (0.11) | 0.76 (0.16) | 0.35 (0.30 to 0.41) | <0.001 |
| Sa (cm/s) | 4.77 (1.34) | 5.59 (1.64) | 0.82 (0.31 to 1.13) | 0.001 |
| E/e’ | 16.4 (5.4) | 12.9 (5.9) | − 3.5 (−5.6 to −1.3) | 0.003 |
| SF-36 PCS | 40.4 (8.6) | 42.7 (9.6) | 2.3 (−1.4 to 5.3) | 0.24 |
| NYHA≥II (n) | 27 (72.9%) | 15 (40.5%) | 32.4% (9.9% to 50.8%) | 0.001 |
| BNP>ULN (n) | 14/36 (38.9%) | 15/36 (41.7%) | 2.8% (−19.0% to 24.2%) | 0.6 |
| Ratio BNP/ULN of BNP (median and range) | 0.86 (0.15–4.93) | 0.68 (0.09–4.88) | −0.02 (−2.21 to 4.27)* | 0.22† |
| Hb (mmol/L) | 8.6 (0.7) | 8.3 (0.9) | −0.3 (−0.5 to −0.1) | 0.003 |
| Atrial fibrillation (n) | 9 (24.3%) | 8 (21.6%) | 2.7% (−16.3% to 21.5%) | 0.26 |
| Pacemaker (n) | 3 (8.1%) | 8 (21.6%) | 13.5% (3.2% to 30.0%) | 0.023 |
| β-blockers (n) | 12 (32.4%) | 17 (45.9%) | 13.5% (8.4% to 33.8%) | 0.096 |
*Median and range.
†Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
AVAI, aortic valve area index; AVR, aortic valve replacement; BNP>ULN, brain natriuretic peptide > upper level of normal; E, early diastolic inflow velocity; e’, early lateral mitral annulus velocity; FEV1, forced expired volume in the first second; Hb, haemoglobin; NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class; pHR, peak heart rate; pO2 pulse, stroke volume; pVO2, peak oxygen consumption; Sa, peak systolic tissue velocity; SF-36 PCS, physical component summary from the SF-36.